Ruth Guest

Ruth Guest (Sersha) | Ep 1

Exploring CyberPsychology with Ruth Guest: Founder of Sersha

In this episode, we delve into the intersection of technology and psychology with Ruth Guest, a cyberpsychologist and the founder of Sersha, an innovative platform aimed at educating preteens and their families about social media safety.

Ruth’s Journey into CyberPsychology

  • Ruth shares her evolution from a career in photography and marketing to becoming a CyberPsychologist. Her passion for technology and human interaction sparked during her childhood fascination with early internet platforms like MSN, Bebo, and MySpace.
  • A pivotal moment was her decision to pursue a master’s degree in CyberPsychology, which she completed during the pandemic. This academic foundation was instrumental in launching Sersha.

The Birth of Sersha

  • Sersha is a platform designed to teach preteens how to navigate social media safely through a simulated social media experience. The goal is not only to educate children but also to foster meaningful conversations within families about online safety.
  • Ruth emphasizes the unique design of Sersha: being engaging for kids, intuitive for parents, and aimed at bridging the knowledge gap between generations.

Addressing Real Concerns for Families

  • Common worries among parents include cyberbullying, stranger interactions, exposure to inappropriate content, and excessive screen time. Sersha offers an interactive, educational solution tailored to these issues.
  • Ruth’s innovative approach incorporates real-world elements like notifications and conversation prompts to encourage family discussions about digital behaviour.

The Future of Technology and Cyber Psychology

  • We touch on the rapid pace of technological evolution, including the rise of virtual reality, wearable tech, and tools like the Apple Vision Pro.
  • Ruth emphasizes the importance of staying proactive, informed, and educated both as individuals and families, to keep updated on the digital landscape.

Sersha is Revolutionary – being:

  • Parent-Friendly: Sersha helps parents understand platforms like TikTok, Snapchat, and more without feeling overwhelmed by jargon or technicalities.
  • Child-Centred: The gamified learning experience ensures preteens are engaged while acquiring essential online safety skills.
  • Family Focused: Sersha strengthens communication and trust between parents and children by providing conversation starters.

Ruth’s recommended reading:

Connect on LinkedIn:

Get Involved with Sersha

Ruth invites parents of preteens (ages 8–13) to test Sersha’s platform and provide valuable feedback. This is an exciting opportunity to shape a tool designed to enhance digital literacy and family connections.

Closing Thought

Ruth’s passion for empowering families and educating children about online safety is a testament to the potential of CyberPsychology in shaping a safer, more connected digital world. Join her mission by exploring Sersha and actively participating in the evolving tech landscape.

What the acronyms mean:
  • IADT: Institute of Art, Design and Technology (Dublin, Ireland)
  • MVP: Minimum Viable Product
  • TAM: Technology Acceptance Model (the older we are, the less likely we are to accept technology)
  • CMC: Computer-mediated communication (how we communicate online)
Podcast Transcript

(Transcript generated directly from podcast audio using TurboScribe, and not manually corrected for transcribing errors).

Hi, my name is Carolyn Freeman. I’m a cyberpsychologist and today we’re chatting to Ruth Guest, who is also a cyberpsychologist and is founder of Socia. Welcome, Ruth, to our session.

Hi, Carolyn. Thank you so much for having me. It’s always such a pleasure to see you.

It’s a delight and a joy.

Yeah. So what we’re really going to be talking about today, Ruth, is what you’ve been doing, where you’ve been and what got you really fascinated with cyber psychology and then talk a lot about what you, your project and where you’re going with it and who it’s for.

So just a bit of background of you as a person, where you come from, what you used to do before cyber psychology. My name is Ruth Guest and I’m a cyber psychologist and the founder of Socia, online social media safety training for preteens simplified. And what we’re really building is a social media simulator to protect preteens from the risks of social media and increase and enhance family connection.

So I’m based in Dublin and I was a photographer, marketer, and just an RN creative and freelancer before I started Socia and how I got into Socia was through cyber psychology. I don’t think I would even have started the business without that degree. And so what happened was in 2020, I booked a one-way trip to Vietnam and I was like, I’m going to go to Southeast Asia.

I’m going to end up in Bali, end up in New Zealand. Just do what you do in your mid twenties, you know, they’re traveling. So I did that.

And, and I, at the same time had just finished an evening course in cyber psychology in IUDT in Dublin. And I was like, I do not, I’ll apply for the masters as well. I was like, I probably won’t go because I’ll be traveling, but why not? 2020 happened, obviously I couldn’t go to Vietnam and I got accepted into the masters.

And so I ended up moving down to Wexford where I was working full-time and doing the masters online for two years. And yeah, that’s just like, I loved the evening course in cyber psychology. It was such a lovely introduction to the topic.

But yeah, then I completely fell in love with it to the masters. So yeah. And then here we are a bit more to the story of how search was created, but that, that was really it when it comes to cyber psych.

So what was that pivot point for you in terms of knowing what cyber psychology is? Was it in uni or was there something else that happened that you went, Oh, that’s interesting? Yeah. I’ve always been interested in psychology and it’s just general psychology of how people interact. I think that’s really interesting.

But growing up as a millennial, like I remember my parents getting this, you know, the big old computers, the windows XP, whatever they are. And we’d go home from school and I’d go on MSN and I’d go on Bebo and I’d go on MySpace. I was like 14, 15 or something.

And I remember being like, this is the coolest thing ever. Like, it’s just amazing. And I was on Wikipedia all the time and YouTube and like looking at, because I love the encyclopedias growing up.

Um, so I was like, I have all the information I ever wanted my fingertips, you know? And, uh, that was where that kind of went into like my photography work and how I would present my photography through Instagram and trying to get work through Instagram, then working with influencers and working with brands and like, God, that’s really interesting. So when cyber psych came along, I was like, Oh, wow. So it’s psychology, but it’s also about, like, I have this interest in photography and, you know, how people are presenting themselves online.

I was like, this is really cool. And that’s, that’s kind of what got me into it. I would say.

Yeah. Yeah. It’s fascinating.

It is fascinating. And I just want, I do wonder if a lot of times cyber psychologists go into the cyber psychology because we’re so passionate about technology in the first place. And then there’s also passion about psychology and this kind of these two worlds intersect, which makes it such a fascinating area.

Yeah, I agree. Like, I think there’s a lot of, like, I would say a lot of cyber psychologists are like futuristic thinkers and, you know, we’re really interested in how technology impacts society because I think people always have this like really negative attitude about technology in the future. And yes, of course, there’s some horror stories that we should all be very wary of some things that’s out there, but it’s such a positive influence at the same time as well.

Do you know what I mean? And, um, but it’s, it’s interesting to see how, like, it’s cyber psychology. It’s fascinating because it’s such a niche field right now. Um, well, as it expands over the next 20 or 30 years, it’ll be so interesting to see how technology is potentially impacting babies who are like swiping on phones and like this kind of thing.

Like there’s the positives and negatives to it, but it’s, it’s encapsulated our entire daily lives now. So yeah, it’s, it’s so interesting. Absolutely.

And we’ve chatted before about, um, mass media and their perception of what they put out there to the general public on cyber psychology issues, even though they don’t call it cyber psychology. Um, and we’ve both kind of gone, Oh no, that’s not quite, um, the right kind of thinking process behind it. So what is your perspective on what the mass media puts out on what we do? I think it’s, it’s clickbait.

It’s all clickbait. And I think it’s very unfortunate, like, because what media is run by all these bank companies at BlackRock and stuff, and it’s, it’s their job to make as much money as possible. And the only way that they’re going to make as much money as possible is if they do clickbaity headlines and they don’t put out real research or real information around technology.

Like they, they will only look at lockouts and cash, you know? Um, I think that really, I think that that’s really bad because if people are only reading the news and they’re only looking at this clickbait material, um, and I’m not just talking about like the Daily Mirror or like the Sun or the Daily Mail, whatever it’s called. I’m talking about Sky News. I’m talking about CNN and all of the news organizations.

And they like it just for, for us, for people who understand that there’s so much nuance and context within how we interact online and the situations that we see online. Um, it’s very unfortunate for the people who just take their news as fact, and they have this, they’ve developed this fear around technology, um, because they don’t know how to use it. Uh, and that’s one of the things we’re doing, Saoirse, is trying to educate people about social media and how to use technology properly, because there’s nothing out there.

Yeah, which kind of led me into the next question. So what is it that got you passionate about starting Saoirse? What is, what, what is the point of it? Because if we’ve got all this, um, real, uh, clickbait media going on, are you doing Saoirse? What is, what can it do for parents? How are you, how are you helping people and change, trying to change things? Yeah, of course. So what I’m really passionate about is, um, children potentially reaching their potential, um, and getting the support that they need.

Um, because for various reasons, I didn’t really have that growing up. And, um, I do think that if kids have the potential to be who they want to be and the creative expression, I just think that their lives would be so much more fulfilled. I think that the family experience and the family unit will be a lot tighter as they go throughout their teenage years.

It’s just a personal belief of mine. And so when Saoirse started, um, throughout my degree, I had a huge interest in photorealistic avatars and I just loved them. I was like, this is going to overcome uncanny Valley.

It’s like, if we can potentially then, you know, create this AI, um, and attach it to photorealistic avatars, you’d be able to deliver like level one CBD therapy to people, uh, in countries where they can’t afford therapy. Right. And then I was like, right, what if you could actually do that for kids? So that’s really how Saoirse began, you know, it was going to be a digital therapeutics product and because of that passion, but I quickly realized that I wasn’t that kind of founder.

You know, I’m not going to raise that much money to, to build a, an AI machine learning model, whatever it is. And these photorealistic avatars that weren’t really kicking in, they weren’t really popular in 2020, but then only within the last year, like Mark Zuckerberg and Lex Friedman had like, though, he saw that, that, um, that podcast that they did, and it was like virtual reality. They literally looked like humans.

It was absolutely insane. So that tech really sped up fast, definitely not the right person to create that. Um, but then I went back to the drawing board.

I went back to these parents that I was speaking to, and I was like, you know, what are you actually worried about when it comes to mental health and wellbeing with your kids? And all of them said smartphones. And instantly I knew I was like, well, that’s click bait because everyone on the news is talking about smartphones. But I was like, the real fear here is that parents are afraid that the kids can’t look after themselves without the parents online.

Right. And that’s why I was like education, I think is needed and not just like online safety, phishing scams and all this kind of thing. Like it’s, it’s about how kids interacting online with each other and with strangers on video games and things like that.

It’s the communication. It’s the nuance of communication online. And there’s no one teaching.

And as a great, why don’t we use technology to actually develop something where we can teach them that in a fun and educating way, where also we can get the parents to learn about it too. And that’s what we’re building. The conversation starters through like a notification center.

So like every time a child completes a level, the parents will get like a learning outcomes of the level, but then they’ll get like this short conversation starter to speak about the dinner table. So like they come home from a busy day at work. They cook the dinner, they get a notification on their phone and it’s like, all right, Snapchat and location or Snap Maps.

The question is, how can you stay safe with Snap Maps or something like this? And the parents from this will learn from the child. And what I think that will do is enhance family connection and trust between the parent and the child, which is ultimately what we’re selling. It’s really nothing to do with education technology, but it’s everything about keeping the family connected.

Yeah. So it’s not really so much in the schools. This is about the family units and helping them to kind of be more cohesive and have conversations that they can have with their children.

Because a lot of parents that I speak to kind of say, well, I don’t know how to set parental controls. I don’t know what to talk to them about because I’ve got no idea what Snapchat is because I don’t use it. And who knows what TikTok is? So it’s how do you have to start that conversation with your children? How do you actually have the lingo? Because they have their own lingo and their own way of talking about stuff.

So how do you engage with them? And there seems to be this real gulf between the parents and the children. So is that kind of part of what you wanted to do? Pretty much. Yeah, that’s exactly it.

It’s about, you know, kids. Kids think that their parents are like, you know, they’re like, oh, mom and dad are cool. They don’t know what this word means online.

Yeah. Like so it’s about it’s about making sure that the parents are up to date of what’s going on in the kid’s life. You know, one short question that we’re like one open ended question can lead to a significant conversation about something that’s happening online in the child’s life, whether it be a conversation with friends in school or something like that, which a parent could then flag and say, oh, hold on, I didn’t know you’re speaking to this person, or I don’t really understand what this means.

And, you know, if the parent is actively involved and actively wants to learn, the child will give that information up at a preteen level. What we’re hoping is we can solidify that connection with the parent and child. So then throughout the teen years, if shit hits the fan with the kid, which let’s say 80 percent of the time it can do with teenagers, they will be able to keep that connection going when it comes to the online world.

So they’ll be able to say, well, mom and dad, we went through that social program together. They know what’s going on online. I can talk to them about this.

And that’s really and that’s really the vision and mission for Saoirse. So having that open conversation, having that ability for the child to say I can talk to my parents about this stuff. Exactly.

Correct. The real big issues come in teenage years when children are separated from their parents and with a group of friends. And if they don’t have that open communication, then it goes a bit piton.

Yeah, that’s that’s exactly it. Obviously, it’s going to work for for every single time. Every single family is different.

But we do want to create that process and that can help help families. So that’s what we’re building at the moment. And obviously, cyber psychology has been such a big part of that as well.

So, yeah, it’s very exciting. It’s just it’s so needed. It’s such a desperate gap in the marketplace.

And for parents as well, I think they they are often going to big media or trying to find something online and to come from a cyber psychologist who kind of knows what they’re talking about, who’s passionate about this. And I think a cyber psychologist, we don’t know everything. We never will.

But I think both you and I, we’ve spoken before about this. We’re constantly learning. We’re constantly trying to find out new stuff and just sharing what we know so that others can others can benefit, too.

It’s not about keeping it to ourselves. Yeah, sure. Sure.

And I think it’s such a niche field like we touched on this earlier before the call is that like it is such a niche field that we kind of are like I would say pioneers in this industry and we kind of have to make ways and educate others about cyber psych and about, you know, like the ideal self online. How do we present ourselves? How do we communicate online? You know, all these small little things. We have to spread the word about that.

I think it is like we were saying, for me, it’s very purposeful. It feels very purposeful that I can do this. And yeah, doing it through is just like a great avenue to do it.

Yeah. In some ways, it’s almost like we’re going ahead to draw the maps so that others can follow. And yeah, that’s a beautiful way to put it.

Yeah. Yeah. And that’s that’s great.

That’s kind of a part of what I see it is what I’m doing and what you’re doing. And I see that’s why I think we connect have connected so well in the past is that we’re both passionate about going ahead and showing the way and it’s never going to be perfect, but we’re doing what we can to draw maps together. Of course.

Of course. Yeah. I think it’s so important.

And I like for me, it’s kind of like you need to like it’s a high risk, high reward situation. You have to kind of take a risk and try to build something of value. And if if you fail, like you fail, try and fail.

Exactly. I mean, for me, it’s grand play. I mean, at least you tried.

Exactly. So tell me more about social in terms of having set it up originally, and we’re speaking before about how you’ve kind of started to fund this and able to do this independently now. So chat us through what that’s all about and how it started and how you’ve been able to upscale it.

Yeah, of course. So like we did do that pivot from my digital therapeutics into like kind of like social media learning. And what we did was from there is that I we interviewed like one hundred and fifty plus parents and we tried to figure out what the biggest concerns are when it comes to social media and the online world.

And they were cyberbullying, stranger danger, pornography, violence and screen time. And which are all very obvious things, you know, with very obvious concerns. And so I went away and built a load of different wireframes and prototypes on Figma and they weren’t great, but they’re grand.

And then I tested them with an age group of like six to 13. And they were grand, like what they were, they were like videos. And then the kids would answer questions after them.

And I knew it wasn’t going to be the final product, but I had to build something. It’s almost like, you know, do you write? You write, don’t you? And you know, like the way you have to write shit to get the good stuff. Yeah.

Yeah. So draft a thousand drafts to get to the right thing. Exactly.

So I built these crap prototypes and these kids were like, yeah, they’re grand, like, you know what I mean? But like, whatever. So then one day I kind of built this page and I was like, what if, you know, it was like, looks like an Instagram feed. And then I’m going to time the kids to answer questions.

Sorry, time them to analyze the Instagram feed. And then I’ll ask them questions. I did that.

And they loved that. And the parents loved that too. They’re like, that looks like Instagram.

I was like, yeah, it does. Yeah, whatever. And that’s where I was like, shit, I’m onto something.

Kids, all they want is social media. That’s all they want to do. They want to be with their friends.

They don’t care. So I was like, why don’t we build a social media simulator? And for me, I, I jumped at that idea because I’m all into like, um, I love virtual reality and how we present ourselves there. The simulation theory.

Um, I, I love that. So anything to do with the simulation, I’m like, that’s cool. So a social media simulator, maybe combined like Duolingo style challenges.

That’s where we were for the last while. And of course it’s been developing and developing, and I can’t say where we’re at right now, um, in terms of the development, but what we do have is like a MVP out that parents and preteens can test at the moment. So we’re trying to get as many of them to test and give us very, very critical feedback so that we can bring that to our development team.

And then we hope we’ll be launching our actual product in September. So that’s where we’re at. Can’t tell you too much more about it, but it’s, uh, it’s exciting.

The direction we’re going in, really exciting. So you, what you need right now was parents to participate and help you be part of this, this next step. Exactly.

Exactly. Passionate parents who understand the value of education. They understand that like, you know, putting parental controls in your phone will only do so much.

It’s, uh, you know, taking the phone away from you. It’s only going to do so much, but education is the way forward. Um, so yeah, we’re looking for as many parents with preteens, uh, between the ages of eight and 13 to come on, play the game, tell us that it’s crap, tell us why it’s crap, tell us what you’d love to see instead, and then go from there.

And like all the feedback so far has been like, this is shit. I’m like, this is amazing. Like that’s like, so many entrepreneurs would be like devastated by that, but I love that because they’re telling us why it’s crap.

Um, you know, it gives us like a baseline to work from. Um, so yeah, it’s been good. It’s been really fun.

A lovely learning experience. Yeah. Constructive feedback.

Yeah. Yeah. It’s necessary.

Always necessary. Yeah. That’s one of the things of kind of doing something in a small group of people or just on your own, it’s, it’s having this echo chamber of your own self and not getting that feedback, which is critical to making it really good and really helpful in adding value to people who are going to use it.

Of course. Yeah. It’s so funny you say that because I, I have been in my echo chamber for such a long time and because I’m not a parent and I’m not a teacher, I’m never around kids.

Like I don’t have a clue. Like I think my, like my, we only, I’ve only one nephew and he’s almost two, do you know what I mean? So I don’t have experience of routines. Um, so when I build something, it’s really important that I get that consistent feedback from parents who are actually around kids.

Um, but it’s great. Like our team has expanded recently. We’ve brought on, um, Heather Bernard, who, uh, she’s brilliant.

She’s a mom and she is also a teacher in international schools and she’s a digital wellness educator as well. So even having her perspective is brilliant because instantly she’s like, yeah, no, you don’t say that to a parent or like, yeah, we can go down this way because it’s for kids or like, it’s fantastic. So getting outside of your echo chamber I think is super important.

Yeah. I think also being, not having children actually probably helps you as well. So when I’m back in marketing days, one of the things you used to say to us is that if you have, um, if you use the product that you’re marketing, you become one and everything that you do is based on your mindset and your bias of how that product is used.

So you judge all the other people who use the product from your viewpoint. Whereas if you, if you don’t have, or you don’t use a product or you’re not a parent or you’re not this or you’re not that, you come to it from a very different perspective. So you actually listen to people who not in that space and don’t filter what their feedback through your bias.

So actually in a lot of ways, you not having children is a good thing because you’re coming from a, from a very different perspective and going, but actually what about what if, and I don’t understand, okay, so why? And so you’re able to build it from that passionate perspective that you can hear and listen from a non-biased viewpoint, which I think is, it’s not a disability. Actually, it’s a real advantage for you to be in that space. That’s really good.

I never actually thought of it like that before. And that’s so good to know because I always thought that it was such a disadvantage, not being part of a community of parents, you know, or not having my own, my own kids. Of course I’ve got cats, but they’re not really counted as human kids.

They don’t look at TikTok. Yeah. Yeah.

But yeah, no. So like that, that’s, that’s so interesting. It makes sense.

It makes perfect sense why that would happen, but yeah, no, like it, it’s great to, as the team expands, like it was just me and as we expand even further, even just having the parents on board, it’s so good to see how we can take that feedback and then just like build it into something that’s actually going to be valuable. Cause that’s, what’s really important. Do you know what I mean? Rather than just building something for the sake of it.

What is your vision in five years time? What if you’ve been in an ideal world and you’re kind of, this is what I really like to achieve. What would that look like? Oh God. What do I share and what do I not share is the question.

So there’s many, many paths that social can go. Right. And you could look at merging with big tech to become a head of safety, the section for head of safety or matter or something potentially.

I could see this becoming, well, it’s definitely going to be in all schools. Like I, without a doubt, I could see this in a lot of schools. I do see it I would love it to be the go-to educational tool for social media.

So when you think of language learning, what’s the first app that you think of? I don’t know. Cause I don’t have children. Do you not learn languages? No.

No. Yeah. No.

So if anyone’s listened to this, the first thing they’d probably think of is Duolingo. Right. And do you know Duolingo? Yes, I do.

Now you mentioned it. Yeah. So we would love to be the, as soon as someone thinks of, okay, my child wants to go on TikTok.

Okay. They need to get social. And what’s interesting is that like, I think like, and you know, you’ll know this, like smartphones are going to be eradicated within the next decade.

We both know this, like they’re just going now the, the adaptability of like how people consume the new kind of tech, whether it be like a Neuralink like chip or something, or the glasses or whatever it is, or even the Apple vision pro not everyone will adapt to that as quick. And obviously we have like economic differences and how people can afford it and this kind of thing. Right.

So there will be people that will still use phones. But what I see is that Saoirse becoming a leader when it comes to education with this technology advances. So like right now I’m thinking of, okay, it might be a social media simulator, but social media is going to look so different in five years time, maybe because the Apple vision pro or something.

So how can we stay ahead of the curve and be a thought leader within that and, um, a pioneer for education when it comes to, uh, social media learning. And I’d love it to be education, not just for preteens, but education for everyone because everyone needs to learn cyber safe. Right.

We’re just saying that. So exactly, exactly. Yeah.

That would be ideal. I’d love that. Oh, fab.

So for parents, this will be, if my child now gets, um, gets a new device, whatever that device is, and I’ve never used it before I go to Saoirse to find out what the device does and how to have those conversations and how to ask the right questions so that I can engage with my child without them going, you’re a bit of a Luddite. You’ve got no idea. So have intellectual conversations or informed conversations with their child.

So is that kind of where you see the benefits for parents and kind of two to five years time? Yeah, definitely. Definitely. Like the parents will be able to play, but it, of course it’s for preteens, but we do want to make that separate thing for parents to make it super accessible for them, but then also to make it interactive.

So like, let’s say for example, like something like the Neuralink, you know, happens, right. And everyone has it. And we can see social media at like a black mirror episode, social media through a contact lens or something like that.

And like, when that does happen, it might be in 10, 15 years. I, as in 15 years time, I’d be 45. I might have difficulty adapting to that because we know, um, time, the technology acceptance model, it goes lower, the older you get, right.

Um, so if that is the case, like we want to make it easy for older age groups, let’s say to understand these new technologies through some native experiences. Yeah. But also I guess in some ways, give them the choice of whether or not they’re adopted or why they should adopt it and what benefits it has, and also how to mitigate any negative implications of using the technology.

So it’s kind of not just necessary for preteens, but maybe if I was at that point, I’d be very old. So would it be that I would kind of look and go, actually, that’s not for me, but it’s really interesting because I could have conversations with other people who are using it without them going weirder. Yeah.

Um, so that’s, that’s really fascinating and being a portal, almost like you go to Wikipedia to find out about someone that you come across. Okay. Let me find out the history.

This is top of mind of, I need to know something about this technology. Let me go to social and, and finance pretty much, pretty much. So like you make the way like parents nowadays, they go to FAQ pages, right.

Or they go to like these charity websites and they’re like, this is what you need to know about some shots, you know, or this is what you need to know about your or like open AI, whatever. And it’s like this lengthy blog article. And what I’m looking at it from a cyber psychologist perspective is like, we’re not consuming media through written content anymore.

The only written articles we might read are actual genuine, genuine journalism from, from real writers, you know, where we’re books or, you know, and like, I absolutely love reading. So like, I’m not dissing it, like, but it’s a creative act. And because there’s a lot of like generative AI, which actually PT and stuff like that, there’s a lot of writing out there at the moment.

So if everyone’s attention spans are also gone to shit, are they going to read a page about open AI or why don’t we just actually put them in that experience and say, this is what this is. And this is what the benefits and the risks and blah, blah, blah.

But this is what this feels like. And that’s, what’s really important. It’s a simulated experience and how we consume media as a society.

Let’s, let’s just be clever about it. Like we’re living in the black and stone age, just reading articles all the time and websites, you know, we have the tech, why not just build it? Yeah. That’s fascinating that you say that from a simulation perspective, because I had quite a idea of virtual reality until I put a virtual reality headset on and I went, oh, that’s what it is.

I can see now. You actually have to go there into that space to really get it rather than being told about it. And when I talk about virtual reality to much older people, they go, oh, no, I have no idea.

But once you put those headsets on, they go, oh, yeah. Being able to see it is a very different thing from, or experiencing it very different from reading about it. Let me explain to you.

Completely. I remember I got an Oculus Pro three, four years ago. I can’t remember.

It was a few years ago. And I got it for Christmas. And I was in my parents’ house and like my dad was very sceptical, but you know, and he was like, oh, what’s that like a video game of some kind? And he put it on and he was like, wow, what is this? Like, this is incredible.

And it’s that, it’s, it’s that thing is that you have to experience things to understand them. And it’s like everything in life, whatever, by technology, do you know what I mean? So yeah, that’s, that’s really what we’re trying to do. I think it’s really important.

And virtual reality is a great example of that. Have you tried the new Apple Vision Pro? I haven’t yet. No.

No, neither have I. Neither have I. I’m dying to try it. Me either. I’m desperate to try it, but that’s, yeah, for another day.

Yeah. Yeah. Can’t wait for that.

That’d be really cool. Well, anything Apple is just, it changes the marketplace completely. And it’s amazing.

Yeah. And what everyone else has done before that just doesn’t happen properly until Apple launches something and then everyone has to follow because Apple just do it so well because it’s always so user-friendly. It’s so easy, which has its advantages as well.

It’s maybe too easy sometimes. Yeah. Yeah, definitely.

Like barrier to using it and getting consumed by it. I think we’re in the age of convenience. You know, I think a lot of people have given up hard work.

I say I’m very traditional now, but I think a lot of people have given up this concept that you put in efforts over a long period of time to reap the rewards, whereas people just want the rewards now. And with Apple Vision Pro, like I think it’s, it’s incredible piece of technology. Like it’s cool.

And I’m sure it’s like, like I said, the Oculus Pro is great crack, but like the Apple Vision Pro I think takes it to the next level. And, and it’s amazing, but I can, I can only see how it’s going to dumb down a lot of our societies of it’s not used properly, you know? Yeah. So that’s quite worrying.

That’s quite worrying unless actions were to taken there. Yeah. Do you think it’s about the individual taking back control of technology rather than waiting for governments and big tech to actually put legislation in place to protect us? So a lot of times people I hear them saying, well, tech, big tech needs to put this in place.

Governments need to do something, but do you think it actually is our responsibility more than theirs or equally? Or do you think, what do you think about us needing to take back control? Yeah, I think, I think it’s a combination of like all of it. Big tech or big tech, like they’re big companies, like it’s their job to make profit. I don’t know why people point fingers at big tech all the time.

Like they’re literally a company. They don’t give a shit. Like, it’s like, if you go work for these big companies, you’re a number.

So once again, they don’t give a shit. Like it’s like, what do you expect? You for being what it is. It just is what it is.

Governments are the exact same. They’re not that they make money, but they’re slow. They’re super slow.

Are they going to put in legislation? Yeah. But like, I do think a lot of that is just putting a plaster on a wound and people need to be proactive. And that’s where I think, and this is where it’s, it’s a catch 22 because like TikTok technology, a lack of attention spans making us super lazy as a society, but we can’t be lazy.

We need to be proactive in terms of educating ourselves around this technology. So it’s a complete catch 22, but that’s, I guess that’s where companies like us come in and we’re like, right, let’s just make it easy, easy to educate yourself. But there does need to be the proactive element.

And there is people who are, who get us, you know, there are a lot of people that get it, but a lot of people need to be convinced as well. Um, yeah. A lot of what you do, and I guess a lot of what I do is based in, is underpinned by academic research and by, by theories and by what other people are doing in the, in the universities and the academic world.

So it’s kind of like we’re taking that and making it bite-sized chunks that is English rather than academic speak. And it’s a very different way of talking. So, um, what you’re doing really is it’s completely underpinned by academic research.

Yes. Yeah. Completely.

Yeah. And this is the thing is that like a lot of the academic research around smartphones and things like that, that’s out there says that, um, there is no correlation between negative mental health and social media and smartphones and stuff. And that’s fascinating.

Um, and I don’t agree with it, even though it’s academic research, because I don’t think there’s enough papers and research out there, but I also think that when it comes to cyber psychology, a lot of the academic research, not saying that it’s because it’s definitely not definitely definitely not, but it’s, it’s so contextualized all of it, because everyone’s unique individual experience with the laptop, with the phone, how we interact with technology, it’s all individual to us as people. So we can’t really rely too much on research in order to get the message across. It’s all unique, unique experiences.

Absolutely. Do you know what I mean? Yeah, absolutely. And it’s also such a small part of the complete marketplace.

So it’s a bit of a dipstick of a hundred people, a thousand people, but it’s not the entire population, which is very difficult to do research on. And it’s such a new academic field that to do something that really gets into, um, the nuances of so many different types of people is tricky and because technology moves on so quickly that once it often, once it’s published that little bit of research may be out of date. So, um, I think a lot of what you and I do is kind of look at the, as you say, it’s really interesting to see that what comes on academic research, but actually what else are we seeing? What are the anecdotal evidence? What else? And, and kind of making connections and might not be completely grounded in research because we don’t have time to do the research, but kind of going actually this and therefore that.

So, and, and it’s, we can spend 20 years researching, but as we said, we’re talking about earlier, a lot of people would have been, they’re no longer teens or actually they might be dead or they might not be in the space. So, and it might’ve gone too far down the rabbit hole for us to pull it back. So what we need is to take what we know and put it out there in a way that to help people have that information rather than just consuming it from mass media.

Exactly. Exactly. I think we need to move like super fast, you know, because, uh, cyber psychology is one of those things that’s just, like you said, it’s going to move fast.

If you publish a piece of work, it’s going to be completely outdated. Um, but that, that’s why I don’t know, like, like that’s why I really enjoyed like, um, my thesis, like on TikTok and self-presentation, um, because TikTok is still the same and social media and how you present yourself is always very consistent, but not consistent across different platforms. But it’s, um, it’s just interesting.

Like I thought that that would be like a piece of research that’s like completely not, like I’d say completely gone by now, four years, two years later, whatever it is. Um, but it’s still quite relevant. So like, it’s interesting that there’s parts of the internet and technology that stay over time.

Um, and those parts seem to be around self-presentation and communication, um, like CMC, like, you know, how we communicate online. And that’s really what the focus of Saoirse is because that’s how we can kind of stay ahead of the curve is that how we communicate and how we present ourselves never changed, but the medium changes. Does that, am I making sense of that? Yeah.

Completely. And that’s, it’s, it’s the psychology and the human behavior behind the use. So what’s driving us as individuals.

So what is that rather than actually what you’re using, what gadgets you’re using to accomplish that. Yeah. And I’m incredibly grateful for academics because I don’t think I’d be where I am without that academic platform, but there is an element of both you and I have to take that step out of that and kind of go, actually, that we have to look at it from an individual perspective in order to get what’s out, what we know out there.

So people, ordinary people like you and me really can understand it better. Um, so, um, so what you’re doing for me is just revolutionary and so, so needed. And I think, um, what, and part of why we do these podcasts is to really tell people what you’re doing so that they can come to you, a help out with your podcast, um, or being part of your building the platform, but also then to share it with others so that others can have this knowledge.

Yeah. And I’m also like with you, Carolyn, like, I think it’s amazing that you’re doing this podcast. Cause like we were saying this before, before we, uh, went live, um, that like the, like the podcast like this is so needed to see how people, cause the amount of people who messaged me on LinkedIn and they’re like, Oh, I’m thinking of doing cyber psychology course, you know, where do I go from there? Because there’s no like cyber psych jobs, you know? Yeah.

And, um, it’s, I think it’s really valuable for people to like, understand, like you said, just, just get that information out there in layman’s terms. And also if they do want to go study it, they can see what kind of other opportunities are out there for them. And I think it’s amazing what you’re doing too.

Oh, thank you. Thank you. Yeah.

Very exciting. Very exciting going forward. So one of the things I want to find out from you is how people can actually get onto or find out more about what you do and how they can connect with you.

Um, all the links in the, in the details and the notes below the podcast, but what is the best way to get in touch with you? Yeah. They can message me on LinkedIn or they can find me on LinkedIn. It’s just Ruth Guest.

There’s not many of us there. So, um, I think that might be two or something. Um, uh, or you can go to search.ai, um, and you can contact us there, or you can, if you’d like to contribute, you can play a game, give us feedback.

We would love that. Just as we finishing up Ruth, one of the things that I asked you to come with is your recommendation of cyber psychology books that people can read, parents or young people, or those in the industry that you go, actually, this is a really good book to start with. Um, what would that, that be? It can be one book or three books and we’ll link to those books as well in the notes.

Yeah. So the first one, um, is the Oxford Handbook of Cyber Psychology. It’s a little bit academic.

Um, I actually have it here because I know you’re going to ask me this. So, um, yeah, so it’s a beast, but it’s, um, yeah, I think we, there were, it was, this is like on sale for like 50% off or something throughout the master. So I was like, I’m buying that it’s, if you’re not really into academic reading, don’t bother.

Um, saying that though, there’s a couple of other books. Like I told you, I’m really into like the simulation theory. Yeah.

And so this is David J. Chalmers reality plus virtual worlds and the problems of philosophy. This is a really good book. And it talks about like, um, uh, consciousness, uh, virtual reality.

Um, you know, what does the future look like when it comes to that? Are we living in a simulation? Um, all this kind of, uh, conceptual philosophical topics, which is just absolutely fascinating. And then there’s two more books, um, that I really liked when I was in the course. Um, this is a lovely at the infinite reality by Jim Blazkowicz and Jeremy Billinson.

I absolutely love it. I’m actually going to read it again this week. And it, once again, talks about virtual reality and, you know, how our brains recognize where reality ends and virtual begins.

So very interesting, but not maybe as heavy as the other book, if you know what I mean. Yep. So definitely very accessible.

And then by Sherry Turkle, we have the second self computers and human spirit, definitely, um, philosophical, um, and a little bit more academic too, but it really kind of looks at, um, you know, how computers kind of affect us as people and our, our spirit as she calls it, um, in the book. And, uh, it’s a little bit outdated because I think this is the 20th anniversary edition. So this is really going back.

Um, she talks a lot about like interaction with like robots and things like that. Um, but it really gives you a good idea of, um, of how we interact with tech, but yeah, they’re my, they’re my four books. So I couldn’t pick just one.

No, I know what you mean. I’d do the same thing. These are my top two books.

Yeah, exactly. Exactly. No, they’re, they’re so good though.

Like there’s so many interesting books out there. Um, but they would definitely be my, be my favorites. Uh, yeah.

Yeah. Fabulous. Thanks so much, Ruth.

Um, is there anything else that you want to chat about, um, before we finish up? I don’t, I don’t think so. I think I actually don’t think so. No, but I like, I think if there was a finish with anything, like it would just be that people should be aware of where technology is going.

You know, I think people should look to the future more often when it comes to us and understand that the only way to live with technology is to educate yourself because it’s not a bad thing. You should just embrace it. You know, that’s, that’s really what I would get from us.

And if you want to join Saoirse, go to the website. Exactly. Yeah, I completely agree.

It’s about educating ourselves and being more aware of what it’s doing to us. And so we can take back the control personally and make decisions rather than just let technology happen to us. We choose it.

Exactly. Have a sense of control around us, you know, and I think like we mentioned this before the, before we went on the call, is that like, for me, I think you’d agree with me. Cyberpsychology has given me a new lease of life, but is also helped me understand myself so much better because we talk around about how we present ourselves online and things like that.

And it’s kind of like, now I understand what I present and you know, what implications are there and what that means. So it’s, yeah, it’s, it’s an incredible thing. Brilliant.

Yeah. Well, Saoirse, it’s been so amazing chatting to you as always, and I look forward to seeing in September what you’re going to be launching. Yeah, of course.

And yeah, we’ll get hold of you and it will be great to catch up and keep seeing what you’re doing. So thanks for joining us today on Confessions of a CyberPsychologist. Thank you so much, Carolyn.

Appreciate you having me on. You’re very welcome. Cheers.

Show All Collapse
Other podcasts
The Habit Revolution

The Habit Revolution – Dr Gina Cleo

The Habit Revolution is a science-backed approach to how habits are formed, how less desirable habits can be changed and how positive habits can be reinforced. 

The book summary talks about it being ‘Beyond Atomic Habits’. Atomic Habits is a bit more case-study based. The Habit Revolution is more science-based. It is a deeper-dive version of how to change habitual behaviour that takes you into the how and why – helping to reduce the blame and guilt that comes from unhealthy habitual behaviour and providing many more psychological and behavioural tools and techniques to help with positive change.

If you want advice on how to make tiny, manageable, realistic changes that compound into large life-changing habits and behaviour, this book really is a revolution.

Dr Gina Cleo has a number of videos that you can watch on her YouTube channel, which can be found here.

Below is her showreel that gives you a flavour of the information she reveals in the book.

About Dr Gina Cleo:

Dr Ceelo is a leading expert in habit change. You can read more about her and what she does on her website

CoaC intro zoom in 2

Introducing Confessions of a CyberPsychologist​

I’ve started a podcast, intending to interview as many CyberPsychology experts as are willing to get involved`.

The first expert interview has been recorded and should be posted soon.

This short video is a brief explanation of why I started Confessions of a CyberPsychologist.

In a nutshell: after a lot of writing articles and doing talks, several people have suggested I ought to start Podcasting.

I am not a journalist or a media personality by trade or training. I am a psychologist who used to do corporate marketing.

But as a few people have said to me (in one way or another), ‘it is better to share information and learn as you go, than wait to be perfect and for someone else to steal the show’.

I hope you will overlook the current not-so-professional nature of the videos. The quality should improve with time and practice.

So, here I am, sharing what I know, and interviewing other experts in CyberPsychology about what they know in the world of the human-technology intersection.

Hopefully, by joining me on this journey, we will both learn more about how our behaviour and psychology impact our technology use and how our technology use impacts our human behaviour and psychology – and what we can do to build a better relationship with our tech use and get back control of that relationship.

Because your digital health and wellbeing matters…

If you have any technology and human behaviour related questions, please feel free to get in touch. I will do my best to either answer your questions or find another expert who hopefully can. Use any of these options to send through your questions.

Email: podcasts@cybercology.com

Twitter: https://twitter.com/cybercology1

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/cybercology/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cybercology_digital_health/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cybercologydigitalhealth/

Welcome to Confessions of a CyberPsychologist.

ADHD and Gaming

The link between ADHD and Online Addictions

Does spending lots of time online cause ADHD?

Directly. It seems not.

Spending time on digital devices does reduce your ability to focus and concentrate and excessive use can cause symptoms similar to those displayed with ADHD, but using a device will not ‘give you’ ADHD.  

Indirectly. It seems to. 

According to Gabor Mate, ADHD is a coping mechanism that children develop when there is limited connection with their primary caregiver does not, or is not able to, respond to their immediate need for care, reassurance and comfort. 

If a child does not receive an appropriate level of comfort, eye contact and their basic needs met, the child turns their focus inwards to achieve the comfort they need. It is this inward focusing that wires the brain in a non-neuro-typical way. 

Historically, it was those parents who were overly stressed, emotionally overburdened or in a state of survival that did not give them the emotional and mental resources to extend the care and 1-2-1 attention a young child needs to feel secure and safe in the world. 

However, since the launch of the smartphone, how many parents of young children do you see staring at their mobile screens while their young children are seeking or needing their attention? 

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of children who are being diagnosed with ADHD, especially since the beginning of 2020. Is it just that we have more awareness of the condition and therefore a better ability to spot and diagnose it? OR are there simply more care-givers who are more distracted than ever before? 

Does ADHD predispose you to addictions?

Directly, it does seem to.

Those with ADHD have lower overall levels of Dopamine – the anticipation-feel-good hormone. Spending time online including scrolling through social media, gaming, gambling or pornography all contribute to regular, tiny bursts of Dopamine into the system.  

In their book ADHD 2.0, Dr Hallowell and Dr Ratey state that, ‘addiction of all kinds are five to ten times more common in people who have ADHD than in the general population.’  They talk about an itch that can only be scratched in certain ways. From a positive perspective, this leads to ‘adaptive, worthwhile and sustainable’ creativity, but can also lead to ‘maladaptive and destructive’ behaviour and addictions. 

There are socially acceptable forms of addiction and socially unacceptable forms of addiction. Online addictions vary by category on the spectrum from social media scrolling to gaming, gambling and pornography (to name a few).

All are driven by the same Dopamine itch that needs scratching (to a greater or lesser degree).

So what can we do about it?

If you have been diagnosed with ADHD or suspect you may have ADHD, here are a few things you can try:

  • Find a coach or therapist who works with adults who have ADHD to help you find different ways to manage the itch and find more creative outlets to express and capitalise on your inherent natural talents. 
  • Experiment with several external ‘real world’ activities that will help you build a local community and get you exercising.  Increasing your coordination and creating muscle movement is shown to help a number of those diagnosed with ADHD.
  • Actively seek to build stronger in-person relationships. Those who have ADHD thrive better in strong communities and have those around them who love, protect and care for them.
  • Go on a digital diet. Work with others in your household to create tech house rules that purposefully limit the amount of time available to spend on digital devices. 
  • Delete the apps from your phone that are the hardest for you to resist. Having extra barriers in place that increase access friction to apps or websites, decreases the easy access to the mini-Dopamine hits. 

In the above video, Dr Gabor Mate talks about the conditions that impact the development of children that lead to ADHD (and impulse regulation circulation and capacity).

In the below videos, Dr Hallowell talks about changing the narrative from disability and disorder to a fascinating trait. In the book he wrote alongside Dr Ratey (ADHD 2.0), he talks about ADHD being a person’s superpower.

He views ADHD as having a racing car brain with bicycle breaks. A fabulous analogy that helps those with ADHD to find ways to maximise their superpower.

Dopamine Nation

Dopamine Nation – Anna Lembke

In her book, Dopamine Nation, Dr Anna Lembke explores how our dopamine system works and how, in our search for happiness and the pursuit of pleasure and quick fixes, we can unwittingly head into a state of chronic dopamine deficiency that drives and exacerbates our reliance on our ‘happiness fix’ that leads to addictive behaviours and substances.

She tells stories of both her own and her clients addictive behaviours, showcasing how this hedonic pursuit for moments of happiness can be the very thing that undoes us.

She then provides a 3-step process of how to emerge from this state, and clearly explains why they are the solution to our dopamine-deprived behaviours. These solutions are summed up in one of her talks as: 

  1. Abstain
  2. Maintain
  3. Seek our Pain

Summing up the third principle is: “The reason that we are all so miserable is that we are working so hard to avoid being miserable”. 

Underlying this is “The Plenty Paradox: Overabundance is itself a stressor caused by the mismatch between our primitive wiring and our modern dopamine-rich ecosystem”. 

The best way to capture the essence of her book is her own introduction to it – one of the best descriptions I’ve come across to clarify the dopamine indulgence of our current generations:

“This book is about pleasure, It’s also about pain. Most importantly, it’s about the relationship between pleasure and pain and how understanding that relationship has become essential for a life well lived. Why? Because we’ve transformed the world from a place of scarcity to a place of overwhelming abundance: drugs, food, news, gambling, shopping, gaming, texting, sexting, facebooking, Instagramming, YouTubing, Tweeting. The increased numbers and potency of highly rewarding stimuli today is staggering. The smartphone is the modern-day hypodermic needle delivering digital dopamine 24/7to a wired generation. If you haven’t met your drug of choice yet, it’s coming soon to a website near you. “

In the above video, Dr Lembke explains the role of dopamine as a motivational agent and the role it plays in addiction.

In the below video, she talks about the relationship dopamine plays in smartphone addiction – including why teenagers engage in and are impacted by social media. She talks about technology as being a ‘spectrum disorder’ and what that looks like. 

A small selection of additional videos and interviews by Dr Lembke on this subject can be viewed below. More can be found by searching for her on YouTube.

Cambridge Core provides a great summation of Dopamine Nation written by Amer Raheemullah. You can read it here. 

About Anna Lembke:

Anna Lembke is a professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine and chief of the Stanford Addiction Medicine Dual Diagnosis Clinic.

You can read more about her at her website: https://www.annalembke.com

Adult Online Gaming

Online Gaming – can we manage Pandora’s box?

What is Gaming Addiction Disorder?

There is an ongoing debate about the term ‘Gaming Addiction’ and whether or not online activities can be called an ‘Addiction’.

The WHO recognise it as a disorder and define it as: “a pattern of gaming behaviour (‘digital-gaming’ or ‘video-gaming’) characterized by impaired control over gaming, increasing priority given to gaming over other activities to the extent that gaming takes precedence over other interests and daily activities, and continuation or escalation of gaming despite the occurrence of negative consequences.” This addiction doesn’t cover other online problematic behaviour. 

The DSM categorise it as a behavioural addiction ‘disorder’ – with at least 5 of the following behaviours/symptoms being displayed within a 12-month period:

  • Preoccupation with gaming
  • Withdrawal symptoms when gaming is taken away or not possible (sadness, anxiety, irritability)
  • Tolerance, the need to spend more time gaming to satisfy the urge
  • Inability to reduce playing, unsuccessful attempts to quit gaming
  • Giving up other activities, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities due to gaming
  • Continuing to game despite problems
  • Deceiving family members or others about the amount of time spent on gaming
  • The use of gaming to relieve negative moods, such as guilt or hopelessness
  • Risk, having jeopardized or lost a job or relationship due to gaming.

Some studies show that gaming is ok and positively influences those who play it. 

Games are social, help manage difficult situations, provide an escape, and improve specific social, strategic, spatial, and problem-solving skills. 

Some research studies showcase that there is limited negative impact around gaming and no link to other addictions.

But, when you consider that research studies are a ‘dipstick’ into people’s lives, take an average of a small sample of a population, and may not consider the social and behavioural consequences of the actions of the individual and those around them, how can we use these research outcomes as a guide to suggest to a parent that their child isn’t addicted, or to an HR department that their adult worker isn’t addicted to online gaming? The argument here is that because the behaviour does not fit the definition of an addiction, it therefore isn’t an addiction.

What are the characteristics of those who have been referred to the gaming clinic?t

In analysing the dynamics of the  clients who attend the National Centre for Gaming Disorders Clinic at the Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, the team found that:

  • 61% are 13-18 years old
  • 24% are 19 – 25 years old
  • 8% are 26 – 35 years old
  • 7% are 35+ years old 
  • 89% are male

Watch the news piece around the clinic and the services they provide.

Those who struggle with online addictions are a minority of those who spend time on their phones and those who play online games. For those who do spend a problematic amount of time in online gaming: 

  • 1 in 5 have ADHD or other neuro-diverse characteristics
  • 1 in 8 have anxiety, OCD or another type of addiction
  • 77%  find that gaming disrupts schoolwork
  • 88% say gaming disrupts their sleep
  • 46% of clients become aggressive when they are forced to stop gaming 
  • 22% become violent when they are forced to stop gaming.

In this interview, Professor Henrietta Bowden Jones (who set up the NCGD clinic in 2019) talks about the work the team do at the clinic. She expresses their surprise at the interest they are already receiving – even while they are still relatively unknown.

In a 2013 TED Talk, Cam Adair describes his video addiction and gives some advice for parents.

He suggests that the reasons people play online games are: 

  1. Games are a temporary escape from reality
  2. Playing online multiplayer games are social
  3. Games provide a challenge that can be overcome and
  4. They provide constant measurable growth.
What can you do about gaming addiction for either yourself, your child or someone you love?

Cam suggests that it starts with parent’s boundaries and behaviour.

  • Children need interaction, not distraction with entertainment. I agree with this, children learn through observing social interactions and grown-up behaviour, not watching games to ‘teach them’ social interactions and grown-up behaviour. 
  • Games are played for specific reasons. Take the time to find out what the motivations are and find other ways to fill those needs
  • Don’t punish children for their gaming – come from a place of compassion and encouragement, not judgment. 

Additionally, the team at the NHS clinic suggests:

  • Using a weaning-off approach that involves agreement and cooperation from the addict – developing a co-constructed and collaborative solution approach
  • Box-breathing for calming down the emotions and urgest to game
  • Riding the wave
  • Setting up gaming boundaries – i.e. how much time is spent gaming.
We need similar regulations to what we see in gambling addiction?

Gaming companies use gambling-type behavioural strategies to encourage longer play times and earn their money. 

If we don’t allow children to engage in gambling activities – should we be allowing children to be exposed to the same techniques used in gambling?  

What do you think? 

What about the workplace?

Gaming addictions are not just a teen or young person’s behavioural issue. Although it does seem to be more prevalent amongst the young – mostly because they garner the greatest level of media attention and parental concern – some adults struggle just as much with gaming (and other online) addictions – to the extent that the behaviour regularly jeopardises their day-to-day job performance.

Although adult-based gaming tends to fall under the radar in an addiction context (such as gambling or substance addictions). Problematic gaming can become a substantial issue, especially when it comes to on-job performance, and being both present and productive during the working day.

I recently attended a webinar on gaming where one young professional, in an already time-demanding career, was spending around 30 hours a week gaming. Although this may have a limited impact on this person’s working life at a younger age, what are the longer-term consequences, especially as they age and have lower energy levels and longer general energy recovery times?

As managers and HR professionals, what would you do if someone at work is struggling with online or gaming addictions that is directly affecting their work?

  • Would this be handled in the same way as any other form of addiction or behavioural issue (e.g. gambling) that is affecting their ability to do their work?
  • Would you encourage them to get therapy?
  • Do you deal with the behavioural outcomes or do you look for the underlying causes of their online addictions?
  • Is it a dismissable or disciplinary offence?

In the same way that young people turn to gaming as a way to escape from the world, cope with issues outside of their control, or seek ways to socialise and belong, adults can use gaming to cope with their work-based and life-based stressors and as a way to escape and socialise. Sometimes the behaviours have a limited impact on their work and sometimes the impact is huge.

We all have our own form of coping and self-soothing to deal with work-based stress and anxiety.

  • Is online and gaming addiction the employer’s or employee’s issue?

  • Should we be including ‘gaming and online addictions’ as part of our ongoing conversations around general and Digital Mental Health and Wellness at work?

  • Should we help those struggling with online and gaming addictions with support programmes?

  • Do you include signs of gaming and online addictions as part of your workplace mental health first-aider training?

242A. Good or Bad Gadgets

Are phones and gadgets good or bad for you? Yes!

Experts regularly debate, agree and disagree about how good or bad digital technology (DigiTech) is for us – whether we are young, old, working or playing. Until we are further down the line in this great social experiment called Digital Technology and Social Media, the expert opinion (including mine) comes down to the individual expert bias and perspective.  

A recent Guardian article summarises the opinions gathered from a few expert interviews and showcases their divided opinions on how good or bad DigiTech is. We know both from a historical and an anecdotal perspective that the introduction of any form of technology changes us culturally and individually. DigiTech is no exception.

I think a better set of questions to ask is – How does using digital technology…:

1. Impact my mental and physical well-being?

2. Improve or add to my life goals?

3. Add to or take away from my ‘in-person’ community / relationship with others?

And probably the most important question of all is:

4. Do I feel like I’m in control of, or being controlled by, my DigiTech use?

If the answer to any of these is not what you’d like it to be, then maybe something needs to change. 

The greatest concern is around the impact on children. Research is increasingly revealing that children under 13 (and probably really children under 16) should be restricted in their use of DigiTech. If a phone is needed from a safety perspective, there are plenty of alternatives to a smartphone.

They are cognitively, emotionally, psychologically, socially, and developmentally too young. Ruth Guest from Sersha uses a great comparison of giving a child a smartphone being in the same category as giving a child a set of keys to your car

More than anything, the thing we have most lost out on, is human connectivity and the life benefits that come from a deep, relational, accountable, reliable community. This is where children and teens are losing out the most.

In a Netflix documentary called ‘Live to 100, Secrets of the Blue Zones‘, Dan Buettner looks at the key elements that promote longer life in pockets of areas where both men and women are living substantially longer and healthier lives than the average. In this series, and in his Ted Talk, he lists just a few key attributes that contribute to a longer life.

One of these is being actively involved and participating in an in-person community. International travel and leaving our communities in search of career and personal fulfilment have gone some way to weaken ties with those intimate relational communities. And we don’t always work hard enough to build a community in the place we find ourselves for work. 

Similarly, in her Ted Talk, Susan Pinker has come to a matching conclusion. It seems to be that having people around us that we can rely on in our physical space is an important element of longevity and a life well lived.

Granted, not all relationships are created equal, but if we are spending the majority of our lives creating (often international) digital connections with others, rather than investing in (local) in-person relationships we are losing out on a fundamental element of what it is to be human.

We are living with unprecedented levels of online connection, but physical ‘aloneness’ – resulting in a major loneliness epidemic.

They say that loneliness strips you of 7 years of your life. Being lonely is stressful. It’s hard work. It’s mentally exhausting. It’s soul-destroying. It is why solitary confinement is such a harsh form of punishment and being a social outcast is so emotionally and psychologically devastating. 

Even those who are introverts – who need time on their own to emotionally and mentally recover from the energy required to engage with others – still need regular social interactions. 

The thing is, in the same way that eating too much of the wrong type of food too often leads to progressive weight gain, leading to negative longer-term physical consequences, spending too much time engaging in online communities and not enough time in our off-line communities results in a negative longer-term emotional and social consequences.

If you can relate to this, below are a few suggested things to think through:

  • How strong are your current offline connections?
  • Who, in your social or family circle, could you call at any time and know they will physically be able to help you?
  • On a scale of 1 to 10, how lonely do you feel (with 10 being really lonely)?
  • If you wanted to spend more time with friends/family or meet new people, what could you do or where could you go that doesn’t involve using digital technology? 
  • What changes do you need to make to my DigiTech use to increase the amount of time you physically spend with others?
Social Media shopping

Social Media shopping capitalises on dopamine

An anecdotal account in an article in the Guardian showcases some actions a lot of us take when scrolling through social media – stopping at an advert and buying whatever it is that is on offer, being disappointed with the purchase when it arrives and heading off to the post-office to send it back.

The article suggests that the purchasing of these items stems from an underlying desire to fulfil our unmet needs – i.e. ‘what I’m really responding to is the problem solving that [the Instagram advert] presented to me’. Additionally social media shopping is a lot more seamless (or frictionless) than in-store shopping transactions, sometimes taking you close to the point of a 1-click ordering process. 

I, however, would argue that social media shopping is rather the fulfilment of a need you never knew you had, well that is until you viewed the highly polished, storytelling, lifestyle changing, self-image enhancing advert.

In a previous life, I worked in a Coca-Cola bottler marketing team in Africa. During that time, the marketing team was always referred to as the ‘Demand Creators’, and the Sales Team as the Demand Fulfillers of the products that were manufactured. This is probably the most accurate description I’ve come across in defining what marketers and advertisers actually do… they create demand for a product or service you didn’t think (or know) you needed. If you hadn’t seen the advert, would you have thought, ‘yes, I definitely need this very specific item’. Possibly not. You would more than likely have made do with what was already available to you. A glass of water is a much healthier, easier, cheaper, better way of quenching your thirst.

Why do we keep compulsively shopping online when we are constantly disappointed with the products we buy?

We know that the anticipation of a reward is often more exciting than the fulfilment of the actual reward. How often have you been really excited about a n upcoming holiday, dinner or event, only to be really disappointed at how little it meets with our expectations.

Neuroscience has shown that the dopamine the brain releases in anticipation of the upcoming reward is a major part of the overall enjoyment of the experience – sometimes to the point that the fulfilment of the action (i.e. the reward) is below par, as we’ve already received the necessary dopamine hit and don’t get the same level of spike when the reward is received.  

We know that scrolling through social media already provides our brain with constant mini-injections of dopamine. It’s why we gravitate towards those apps when we are feeling a little down or bored. Being able to up that level of dopamine through the anticipation of a shopping reward, just capitalises on the constant stream of dopamine already being shunted into the brain – and helps to escalate the fix we are craving. It’s a different type of dopamine fix than the rewards that in-store shopping brings.

Sometimes the need for that dopamine inspired reward seeking behaviour leads us down an addictive bent. Dr Gabor Mate often refers to those types of addictions as a form reward or coping mechanism that you’ve lost control over. Dr Gina Cleo, in the first chapter of her new book ‘The Habit Revolution’, refers to habits as often being formed due to decisive actions taken to fulfil a specific function, which has then turned into a subconscious, automated behaviour.

The dopamine rush, therefore, is the primary anticipation driver of the perceived reward that is the underlying element of addictive or behaviour such as compulsive or impulsive shopping – whether that’s instore or online. That behaviour continues because the dopamine rush from the anticipation is well worth the effort, even when the actual item is of poor quality or doesn’t fulfil expectations. So, we continue to engage in the same behaviour, because we crave the dopamine rush that we get from the shopping experience, the anticipation of the items arrival and the opening up of the parcel when it does arrive.

The thing with Dopamine, is that it’s a great ‘pick me up’. Our body is always trying to maintain a homeostatic balance, so, if we are feeling a little down, a little stressed, a little out-of-sorts, we will automatically find a way to get a dopamine boost – to try balance things out again. If scrolling through social media or purchasing something on Instagram is a quick-fix way of doing that, we are going to be drawn towards doing it – again and again.

What can we do to change our behaviour?

The question is, if we are in a habitual loop of buying things on social media that don’t meet the promised expectations, then what can we do to stop this impulsive or compulsive buying loop?

  1. The first thing is to recognise the habit it for what it is and try to understand what is driving that habit. Think about how you are feeling when you click on the link for the advert. Are you feeling sad, stress, a little low, bored?
  2. The second thing is to understand what has made you feel that way. What is the trigger. Is there anything you could do to reduce the cause of that feeling? If not, is there anything else you can do to make yourself feel a little better that does not result in scrolling through social media and reduce the chances of clicking on a social media ad – buying something you didn’t think you needed?
  3. The third thing is to start shifting your automatic behaviour (i.e. habits) in a different direction in the future. So, for example, when you start recognising that you are starting to feel a little bored, try delaying picking up your phone (so you can scroll through social media) and try doing something else that may help reduce the boredom. The main aim is to give your body and mind something else to associate with a quick dopamine release that doesn’t require picking your phone up.

Maybe the solution lies with spending less time without our devices anywhere near us, so we can relearn what it means to give ourselves the opportunity to ‘just be’, to ‘just watch’, or ‘just listen’, or maybe even watch a significant or meaningful event without looking at it through a screen? Maybe we should create more digital free zones at home and while out with friends?

We often spend a lot more time that we would like to on our digital devices. Creating healthier digital habits takes time and perseverance. It will be tough, but for your longer term digital mental health, it is well worth the effort.

As a side note: the video within the first part of The Guardian article is worth a watch – as part of the Guardians ‘Reclaim Your Brain’ series.

241. DigiTech at School

Technology, education and pre-teen years

I seem to be having a number of discussions with parents (particularly mothers) about the quantity and type of technology that is being used within schools for the purposes of education.

Screentime and homework
The biggest concern, especially for parents of children in younger age groups, has been children only being able to access homework via their smartphones. The parent’s concern is mostly around the issue of limiting their child’s screen time – not being able to do so if they need it for their homework. 
 
Parent’s who have raised this concern with me have expressed the fear that they may be the only parent who has this concern, and they don’t have enough agency to make any change against the school their child attends. 
 
For these parents, I ask them if there are other parents who feel the same and, if there are, to go together to raise their concerns with the school. We often think we are the only ones who feel a certain way and do not want to speak up in case we are a lone voice in a crowd. But, it is often that others feel the same as we do, but are also concerned they are the only ones to be so. 
 
Focus and distraction
From a neuro-cyberpsychology perspective I have a lot of concern for the level of technology / screen based use in the education of young people. Using constantly shifting information and media reduces the brains capacity for ‘deep’ information processing – resulting in rapid attention shifting/decreased ability to sustain attention and reduced ability to deliberate. It reduces the ability to pay attention and focus while increasing distractibility. The brain is still growing at super-speed at this age – and is still building those key neural pathways for overall (although are still neuroplastic in adulthood) brain structure and sets the groundwork for adult behaviour and capabilities. 
 
Children of this age should not have the kind of exposure they do to screens and content that they do. It is a parent’s prerogative as to how much screen exposure a child gets, but schools and teachers should minimise engagement in online content and should not be giving them homework that can only be/is mostly accessed via a screen.
 
Left-behind or left out?
I often hear the argument that they will be ‘left behind’ their peers if they do not engage in digital technology. But this is not true. Just look at how little exposure the big tech CEO’s (the very people who develop the hard and software used) give their children to digital technology. 
 
What is of greater relevance is the notion of children being teased or ostracised by peer-groups because they don’t have the same access as others in the group.
Post-apocalyptic 'educational' content
The second concern is some the type of content that children are exposed to, as part of their education. A concerned mum recently asked me to review a hyper-realistic animation video her 10 year old son had to watch as part of the English curriculum. The is video part of The Literacy Shed materials available for educational use – and can be viewed here. 
 
Having been disturbed by the video her son had to watch, the mum found other  parents who were equally  concerned about the content. 
 
I suspect that not all parents would like their pre-teen children to be exposed to action-based or violent content – whether animated, AI generated, real or CGI. Even if the content is used for ‘educational purposes’. Surely there is plenty of alternative content that can be used to achieve exactly the same educational purposes that is not of an intense or violent nature or has triggering potential?
De-sensitisation and information processing
I’m guessing a child would need to watch the video a number of times in order to be able to answer the questions. Some psychologists refer to repeated exposure to disturbing/extreme content as ‘fear conditioning’ and studies show that constant exposure to this type of  content can lead to desensitisation to violence, decrease in empathy and suppression of effective information processing. Although the studies were done on older video-gamers, it seems a little ironic to me that children are expected to process information to answer specific questions after repeated watching of post-apocalyptic/violent material that may reduce their ability to process information. 
 
Pre-teens and peer acceptance
Around the double-digit-age mark, children start separating their self-identity-base from the family, creating bonds with peers and are beginning to feel pressure to conform. They are hyper-sensitive to criticism and resist the possibility of being viewed as an outsider. So if a child feels uncomfortable with this type of content, they are unlikely to admit as much to teaches and peers – especially if their peers are playing/watching a lot of violent video games (which a surprising number are at this age). 
 
Developmental pace and emotional safeguarding
Every child is different and develops at a different pace to others – so what will trigger or soothe them differs accordingly. One 9 year old viewing the content as being ‘cool’ is no indication that all children at a similar age will feel just as ‘cool’ about it.
 
The context of the video watching plays a role in how children feel. For some children watching a potentially ’scary’ movie or content could feel safe when they are with a trusted adult/parent – where they know they are physically, emotionally and psychologically protected and safe-guarded.
 
Watching the same content on their own, in front of peers or within a school environment will have a different impact – as they will not feel that same level of safeguarding that comes from those they trust to protect them. 
 
Social developmental and online risk
From a developmental perspective, this is the age range that children are most vulnerable to the internet and online harms/risks. This is when they are starting to learn the differences between right and wrong, good and bad, justice and injustice. They are not ‘little adult’s’. They are psychologically incapable of making as much sense of the world as grown-ups are.
 
As every child mentally develops at different rates, so what is ok for one, will be very much not ok for another. Boys are also more vulnerable and less resilient than girls at age 9/10 y.o. – so it is interesting that the content in the video is focussed on more male-based characteristics of fighting, defending and conquering. 
 
Personality and hyper-sensitivity
From a personality perspective, some people are a lot more hyper-sensitive than others and more vulnerable when exposed to external stimuli. They feel more deeply and have a stronger brain mirroring network – which means that they are highly socially and emotionally intelligent and are more likely to internally experience similar emotions, feelings and actions of others (virtual or in-person) they are watching or engaging with.
 
Exposure to this type of content for a highly-sensitive 9-10 year old would, therefore, be experienced at a much deeper level than for others of the same age. 
Do phones belong in schools?

This is a highly sensitive and polarising topic. Mobile phones have been banned in schools in France, Italy and Portugal. In October 2023 the UK government announced that ‘Mobile phone use to be banned during the school day, including at break time’, in an attempt to tackle online bullying, decrease distractions and increase attention and focus. 

A recent Guardian article reports on some of the benefits of reducing hyper-connectivity in the school environment and the resulting increase in attention and face-to-face connectivity. It show-cases a Massachusetts (USA) school that has introduced a Light Phone with minimal functionality, that results in less time spent on screens, fewer distractions and more meaningful interactions in and out of classes.  

A Rutgers University–New Brunswick study found that mobile use during educational sessions can reduce overall test scores. 

The study found that having a device didn’t lower students’ scores in comprehension tests within lectures but did lower their scores in the end-of-term exam by at least 5 percent, or half a grade. This finding shows for the first time that the main effect of divided attention in the classroom is on long-term retention.

In addition, when the use of electronic devices was allowed in class, performance was also poorer for students who did not use devices as well as for those who did’.

What is the 'digital technology use in schools' solution?

That is not an easy question to answer.

We are still in the middle of a digital technology social experiment – on-boarding all available technology and finding out the longer-term (positive and negative) consequences as we go along. Sometimes after investing a lot of money and social capital into the said technology. 

It will take us a few decades to really understand the human and social consequences of our digital technology use in the education system. But, it does seem that teachers and parents needs to take a more cautionary approach to what and how much digital integration is included.

Maybe we need to revert to a greater degree of ‘non-digital education’. It worked for many generations, and still has that capacity to be a highly effective form of learning. 

Digital Push Back

Digital Push Back

Productivity is one of those words that is often bandied about in business as something that needs to be improve upon.

But, what does it mean to be ‘productive’ as a knowledge worker? We may sense how productive we are being in a day, it is sometimes a KPI that forms part of our annual objectives, or maybe it’s a perceived state of how we contribute to our team goals.

In a manufacturing age, productivity can often be translated as developing more ‘knowledge widgets’ as a form of business asset building. So, being productive is synonymous with writing that report, building that presentation, completing that project, etc. It’s getting more stuff done, more quickly.

We know that being distracted by our notifications and online worlds can scupper our focus and the amount of work we are able to get done during a working day suffers, as a result. Spending more time scrolling through social media, watching cat videos or being distracted by notifications and messages from friends/family during the working day means less time spent getting work done.

But, what if the definition of productivity was not so much about numerical output, but more about quality and depth of output? How does digital technology affect that element of productivity?

A few ways are:

* Spending time scrolling through social media and watching short film clips reduces our attention span.

* Our ability to spend time thinking about and contemplating things and reflecting on life is reduced when we turn to a screen every time we have a break from work.

* Not giving the creative sections of our brain time to engage means we are less likely to come up with unique solutions to problems.

* If we are distracting ourselves with screens and devices, instead of taking time to think, reflect and be inspired, we tend to reduce our ability to think deeply.

Maybe part of what we need to be doing a lot more of is pushing back on our own definition of what it means to be digitally distracted and how this affects our productivity.

Maybe it’s not just about turning off our notifications. Maybe it’s about spending more time without our devices anywhere near us, so we can relearn what it means to give ourselves the opportunity to ‘just be’. Time to think, time to contemplate, time to go deep, time to be more creative, time to talk with others, time to just be with others. Maybe…

As a long-time fan of Cal Newport, I am delighted that he is bringing out a new book early this year – on this very topic – on how to become more productive. But this is not the kind of ‘generating knowledge widgets’ productive. Rather it is how to produce knowledge value – that creates change, has meaning, takes time, but is of great quality and value. 

Cal’s writing and thinking often flies in the face of mainstream corporate culture and also captures the essence of what a large (seeming) minority of disenfranchised knowledge workers are feeling, explains it so it makes sense and then provides solutions to the problem at hand.

In a December 2023 article for The New Yorker, he meditates on a few topics I often talk through:

  • Children ought not to be given access to social media before the age of 13 – although 16 is probably a better age from an emotional and psychological perspective.
  • We should be more selective about what technology we take on board, rather than immersing ourselves in the latest trends and gadgets.
  • Spending more conscientious time away from our distraction devices is good for our physical, mental, emotional and communal well-being.
  • Taking time out from devices is not just good for general mental well-being, but essential for creativity, reflection and self-esteem.
  • We need to change the paradigm of how we view our work, our lives, the perspectives we have around digital technology and the narratives we engage in around work and work culture.
  • ‘Pushing Back’ at the BigTech corporates is an individual decision about how to optimise tech use (and reduce where necessary). Government bodies are responsible for ensuring regulatory boundaries are put in place to limit the control and data mining of personal data by BigTech, but we need to ensure we use technology for our benefit and to continue to improve what we do, rather than allowing ourselves to be ‘enslaved’ by the gadgets we purchase and use.

Cal Newport’s new book (released in March 2024) is all about Productivity – and how we have fallen for the fallacy that greater levels of time spent working is the same as being productive and producing high-quality work. The premise in his (free to download) introduction is that: 

‘The relentless overload that’s wearing us down is generated by a belief that “good” work requires increasing busyness— faster responses to email and chats, more meetings, more tasks, more hours.’

This is going to be another well-thought-out, well-written and timely book. It’s well worth a read/listen as soon as it is out.