Lisa Orchard

Dr Lisa J Orchard – Social Media Usage and Resulting Impact

Senior Lecturer

at University of Wolverhampton (UK)

Dr Orchard is also: 

  • External Examiner MSc Cyberpsychology at IADT (Ireland)
  • BPS Hon. Secretary Cyberpsychology Section
  • Co-Lead, Cyberpsychology Research at The University of Wolverhampton (CRUW) Research Cluster
Main CyberPsychology Expertise:

Social Media Usage and the Resulting Impact

Other Specialisations
  • The role of technology within infant feeding decisions.
  • Personality and online behaviour.
Follow:
Connect:

Email her directly at:  l.j.orchard@wlv.ac.uk.

Lisa is also a Supervisor to PhD and Doctoral students such as Dr Fiona Clements.
They published articles alongside Dr Darren Chadwick on Cyberbullying and victimisation of those with mild to moderate disabilities.
Courses available at Wolverhampton
Videos and Podcasts
Helping Psychologists Explain Human Thought and Behaviour (2022)

In this webinar, Lisa joins Dr Linda Kaye and Dr Dave Harley in a discussion on gaming, social media, virtual reality, online learning and online groups – especially the around the motivations, experiences, and effects surrounding the interactions between humanity and technology. 

Social Media in Covid-19 (26 March 2022)

The interview covers:

  • A discussion around social media use through Covid-19, and potential benefits and areas of risk.
Breastfeeding and the role of Social Media (2021)

This video is an infographic summary of research findings, focussed specifically on how we can best use social media to facilitate breastfeeding support and information.

Research Articles
Workplace Technology Research
24 March 2020

Active Social Media in Covid-19

This paper includes suggestions for positive social media use within Covid-19 Lockdowns.

Other Technology Research
2020

A systematic review exploring the impact of social media on breastfeeding practices

A systematic review of literature exploring the role of social media within breastfeeding practices.

Other CyberPsychology Research

Clements, F. A., Orchard, L. J., & Chadwick, D. D. (2024). A scoping review investigating the perspectives of people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities on experiences of cyberbullying victimisation and its subtypes. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295241252214 (Impact Factor: 1.5; Estimated Contribution: 25%)

Clements, F. A., Chadwick, D. D., & Orchard, L. J. (2023). ‘I’m not the same person now’: The psychological implications of online contact risk experiences for adults with intellectual disabilities. New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231217994 (Impact Factor: 5.0; Estimated Contribution: 25%)

Jovanović, T., Bodroža, B., Orchard, L., Fullwood, C., Kermani, H., Casale, S., … & Hren, D. (2023). Cross-cultural validity of the psycho-social aspects of Facebook Use (PSAFU) scale. Psihologija, 56(1), 31-62. (Impact Factor: 1.26; Estimated Contribution: 20%)

Kaye, L. K., Rousaki, A., Joyner, L. C., Barrett, L. A., & Orchard, L. J. (2022). The Online Behaviour Taxonomy: A conceptual framework to understand behaviour in computer-mediated communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 107443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107443 (Impact Factor: 8.957; Estimated Contribution: 20%)

Orchard, L. J., & Nicholls, W. (2022). A systematic review exploring the impact of social media on breastfeeding practices. Current Psychology, 41, 6107–6123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01064-w (Impact Factor: 2.387; Estimated Contribution: 80%)

Orchard, L. (2021, July). The virtual public servant: Artificial intelligence and frontline work by Dr Stephen Jeffares. British Psychological Society Cyberpsychology Bulletin, 5. (Impact Factor: N/A)

Clements, F. A., Chadwick, D. D. & Orchard, L. J. (2020). Lockdown can be especially difficult for those with learning disabilities. Journal of Health and Social Care Improvement, 3(2), 21–24. (Impact Factor: N/A; Estimated Contribution: 10%)

Orchard, L. J., Fullwood, C., Morris, N., & Galbraith, N. (2015). Investigating the Facebook experience through Q Methodology: Collective investment and a ‘Borg’ mentality. New Media & Society, 17(9), 1547-1565. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814530099 (Impact Factor: 5.31; Estimated Contribution: 90%)

Orchard, L. J., Fullwood, C., Galbraith, N., & Morris, N. (2014). Individual Differences as Predictors of Social Networking. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(3), 388-402. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12068 (Impact Factor: 7.432; Estimated Contribution: 90%)

Fullwood, C., Orchard, L. J., & Floyd, S. (2013). Emoticon convergence in Internet chat rooms. Social Semiotics, 23(5), 648-662. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2012.739000 (Impact Factor: 1.568; Estimated Contribution: 30%)

Orchard, L. J., & Fullwood, C. (2010). Current perspectives on personality and Internet use. Social Science Computer Review28(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439309335115 (Impact Factor: 4.418; Estimated Contribution: 70%)

Vowles, A., Orchard, L. & Hever, T. (2007). A postnatal community social support group in Tipton, West Midlands. Clinical Psychology Forum172, 9-12. (Impact Factor: 0.15; Estimated Contribution: 40%)

Orchard, L. (2006). The effective use of consultations: A literature review. Psych-Talk54, 15-17. (IF: N/A)

ONGOING STUDIES / IN PREP.

Orchard, L. J., Nicholls, W., & Markova, A. (under review). Experiences of brelfie-taking and social media sharing by UK breastfeeding mothers. 

Orchard, L. J., Nicholls, W., Hinton, D. & Elliot, M. (in prep.). Measuring general public attitudes towards breastfeeding: A scale validation. 

Fullwood, C., Chadwick, D., Wesson, C., Chen-Wilson, J. & Orchard, L. J. (in prep). Sexual identity, self-concept clarity, and the online self.

CHAPTERS IN BOOKS

Orchard, L. J. (2019). Uses and Gratifications of social media: Who uses it and why? In A. Attrill-Smith, C. Fullwood, M. Keep, D. Kuss (Eds.),The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology (pp. 3320-348). Oxford Academic.

BLOGS AND MEDIA ATTENTION

Orchard, L. J. (2023). When did you last see someone breastfeeding? University of Wolverhampton.https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/wlv-blog/2023/july-2023/blog-when-did-you-last-see-someone-breastfeeding.php

Orchard, L. J. (2021). Cyberpsychology: What is it? Why I love it and why you would love it too! University of Wolverhampton. https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/wlv-blog/2021/december-2021/cyberpsychology-what-is-it-why-i-love-it-and-why-you-would-love-it-too.php

British Psychological Society (2020). BPS cyberpsychologists say being active on social media will help you cope with isolation. [Press release picked up by many International news outlets]  

El Pais (2019). The end of an era: what will happen when the ‘likes’ disappear. [Quoted interview]. https://elpais-com.translate.goog/tecnologia/2019/10/03/actualidad/1570055577_861141.html?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

Orchard, L. J. (2019). The Impact of Social Media on Breastfeeding. The Breastfeeding Network. https://www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk/lisajorchard/

Orchard, L. J. (2019). E-boobs: The Impact of Social Media on Breastfeeding. University of Wolverhampton.https://www.wlv.ac.uk/staff/news/june-2019/e-boobs-the-impact-of-social-media-on-breastfeeding.php

Orchard, L. J. & Attrill-Smith, A. (2019). The Momo Challenge – What have we learned? University of Wolverhampton.https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/latest-news/2019/march-2019/the-momo-challenge-what-have-we-learned-.php

Orchard, L. J. (2018). Why did you use social media today? University of Wolverhampton.https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/wlv-blog/2018/blog-why-did-you-use-social-media-today/blog-why-did-you-use-social-media-today.php

Orchard, L. J. (2017). Too many non-friends in your Facebook ‘friends’? University of Wolverhampton.https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/wlv-blog/2017/too-many-non-friends-in-your-facebook-friends/too-many-non-friends-in-your-facebook-friends-.php

Books or Chapters Published
Book: The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology

(Chapter) Uses and Gratifications of Social Media: Who Uses It and Why?

The chapter on Social Media is a theoretical look at why people may be drawn to social media and how our individual differences may drive this usage.

Chapter Abstract taken directly from Oxford Handbooks Online Page:

Social media is built upon user-generated content and interactivity between users. Understanding the users within social media is therefore imperative to understanding how social media itself functions. This chapter explores the users of social media in more detail and asks the two key questions of who uses social media, and why they do so. When looking towards past research for inspiration as a way to understand user interest towards media, the Uses and Gratifications model stands out as a key approach for exploring media uptake. Therefore, the chapter starts by focusing on the Uses and Gratifications framework and how it can be used to explain why individuals are drawn to social media. The framework is then expanded to discuss how individuals’ personal needs, in particular personality, can impact upon such motivations.

psydchad

Dr Darren Chadwick – Inclusion and Support Online

Senior Lecturer

In Psychology at Liverpool John Moores University

Main CyberPsychology Expertise:

Cyberbullying and victimisation amongst those with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities.

Darren is also a Supervisor to PhD and Doctoral students such as Dr Fiona Clements. They have published articles alongside Dr Lisa Orchard on Cyberbullying and victimisation of those with mild to moderate disabilities.
FionaClementsIDphoto 2

Dr Fiona Clements

Dr Fiona Clements works with adults with eating disorders in the UK National Health Service (NHS).

In this episode, Fiona tells us about:

00:49 Her background and what she is doing now in the NHS. Starting a Doctorate in CyberPsychology looking at digital inclusion specifically in intellectual disabilities.

09:00 Fiona’s Doctorate journey, what got her started, what a Doctorate involves, what she focussed on, how that links into the article that was published, and what it is like to finish and the impact of the doctoral research.

13:32 What started the project that brought Fiona into the process of the Doctoral research.

15:53 The different types of Cyberbullying. The negative online interactions of: online content, online contact, online conduct and online contract risks.

20:17 The gap in knowledge that the research was trying to address. The different types and definitions of cyberbullying. How cyberbullying differs from offline bullying.

24:05 Harassment as the most common experience of cyberbullying amongst those with intellectual disabilities.

25:48 The impact of age on the type of cyberbullying that takes place and the lack of cyber related research amongst older adults who have intellectual disabilities.

28:17 The definition and examples of online harassment, how that differs from flaming and how the online cyberbullying relates to offline bullying. The increased proliferation of gadgets since Covid, and the similarity of technology use between those with and without intellectual disabilities.

31:49 Practical applications of research around the different types of cyberbullying amongst those with intellectual disabilities. Insights that facilitate the development of interventions to support people, so they are able to independently use technology and understanding what support is needed to navigate online risks and decision making that happens online.

37:17 Additional findings due to be published on ways to support those with intellectual disability who may be exposed to online risks. Inequalities amongst those with eating disorders and focussing on 3rd wave (compassion focussed) interventions and accessibility to this treatment.

50:23 The self-stigmatisation of cyberbullying linked to self-esteem. The differences in the type risks in relation to self-stigma and self vs others blaming.

52:23 Media’s sensationalising of academic research in a way that spreads misinformation and negative social narratives – to push their own agenda. The responsibility of academics to get research findings into the public domain in an understandable way and having to correct misinformation.

Counselling Psychologist (DCounsPsy)

Fiona’s Doctorate is from the University of Wolverhampton. Her MSc in Health Psychology at the University of Surrey.

She continues to be passionate about lived experience research with adults with developmental disabilities and their carers; specifically in the areas of cyberpsychology and health psychology.

Connect:
Explore her up-to-date research
Recommended Reading:

The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology.

EP4 Raakesh Kriplani

Prof. Dr. Raakesh Kriplani | Ep 4

Watch or listen:
The Work of CyberPsychology in India.

Prof. Dr. Raakesh Kriplani (in India) works alongside government institutions and the Rashtriya Raksha University to train the next generation of CyberPsychologists in India. We talk about how effective robotic, and AI mental health counselling therapy is and what influences children’s digital technology behaviour.

Connect with the guests
Prof. Dr Raakesh Kriplani

Prof. Dr Raakesh Kriplani is a pioneering CyberPsychologist in Pacific Asia, working in therapy, security and training.

Find out more about the work he does on the CIIPS website.

Rashtriya Raksha University:

In this episode, we speak with Professor Rakesh Kriplani, a leading cyberpsychologist in Asia-Pacific and the director of the Cosmic Integrated Institute of Psychology and Security (CIPS). Professor Kriplani shared his remarkable journey from a background in traditional psychology and medicine to becoming a pioneer in CyberPsychology.

A Unique Path to Cyberpsychology
Professor Kriplani’s journey began with a desire to bridge the gap between medical and psychological understanding. His early career involved working in pharmaceutical companies and medical colleges, fostering an eclectic approach to psychology. His fascination with the burgeoning digital world led him to envision the potential of online counselling as far back as 2008, long before it gained mainstream traction.

Building a Digital Ecosystem for Mental Health
Professor Kriplani’s efforts have culminated in the creation of a comprehensive ecosystem addressing digital wellness and CyberPsychology. Key initiatives include:

  • Digital Wellness Workshops: With a commitment to deliver 900 workshops annually in schools, these sessions focus on the science behind digital behaviours, addiction, and neurological impacts.
  • Training Cyberpsychologists: Through certificate and diploma courses, CIPS is equipping a new generation of professionals with the skills to address cyber addiction, digital counselling, and cyber security.
  • Digital Rehab Centre: Set to launch on a 20-acre island in Goa, India, this initiative will focus on combating mobile addiction through immersive, tech-free experiences.

Cybersecurity and Radicalisation
Professor Kriplani also highlighted the broader applications of Cyberpsychology, particularly in addressing global challenges such as cyberterrorism, radicalisation, and misinformation. His work with India’s Ministry of Home Affairs and international organisations reflects a growing recognition of cyberpsychology’s potential to enhance both national security and societal well-being.

The Role of AI in Mental Health
A particularly exciting development is the integration of robotics and AI in mental health. Professor Kriplani is pioneering India’s first robotic counselling centre, which leverages AI to provide unbiased, stigma-free counselling. While acknowledging the limitations of AI in addressing complex emotional needs, he emphasises its suitability for issues like mild trauma, relationships, and teen counselling.

Challenges and Vision
Despite his significant achievements, Professor Kriplani candidly discussed the challenges of scaling Cyberpsychology, including a lack of funding and trained professionals. His ultimate vision is to make Cyberpsychology as globally recognised as yoga, positioning India as a leader in this transformative field.

Join the Movement
Professor Kriplani’s work underscores the urgent need for global collaboration in Cyberpsychology. Whether you’re an educator, policymaker, or tech enthusiast, there’s a role for everyone in building a healthier digital future.

Recommended Reading:

Wired for Wellness, provides practical insights for parents, teachers, and students to navigate the digital world.

Podcast Transcript

(Transcript generated directly from podcast audio using TurboScribe, and not manually corrected for transcribing errors).

Welcome to Confessions of a Cyberpsychologist. Today I’m chatting with Professor Rakesh Kriplani who is a pioneer cyberpsychologist in Asia-Pacific and director of the Cosmic Integrated Institute of Psychology and Security which we’re going to find out more about later. Thank you for joining us today Rakesh.

Thank you, thank you for inviting me and giving an opportunity for this platform and I’m really happy somebody’s recognizing the field of cyberpsychology across the globe. I’m happy for this thing. Rakesh, before we get into the questions I’d really like to find out more about you in terms of your background and then also what that pivot point was for you in terms of understanding cyberpsychology and it becoming part of what a big part of what you do.

So giving a brief introduction about my journey in the field of psychology and cyberpsychology. So initially when I thought of entering into the field of psychology, so I was always curious to know about like how a psychologist can understand the prescription, the medical prescription. So my father he was a doctor, he was an MBBS doctor here, so I asked him that I wanted to know about medicine.

He said you have done your master’s in psychology so it’s possible to understand the medicine part. I said no how can I understand the prescription? He said why you want to understand the prescription? I said if a patient has some drug-induced problems or something which is a reactive, how can I understand this is a problem of stress or because of drugs? He said it’s too difficult because you can’t do medical now, it’s a psychology field. He asked me to go for some alternative thing for this part.

So my career started by joining a pharma company just because of this curiosity and I joined a pharma company as a medical representative to understand the medicines part and there I joined as a MR, as a medical rep and for six months I worked in that company to understand all the medicines. I got free of cost training from the company on the medical advisors in the continuous medical education program and they even paid me the salary also. So I was very happy that six months I got training and in the sixth month then I resigned from the company and I told the company that actually I wanted to learn medicines and I know no one was able to train me so I got a training here and I want to become a psychologist.

So but during that period my performance was very high and in fact I sold a cosmetic product to the very rural pharma farmers. So the company was surprised that how did you sold a pharma a cosmetic product. So that was my first training when they requested me to train the other colleagues of mine to give training to them.

So the journey started with this confidence and then I worked for Ayurvedic psychology. I was a professor with homeopathy college. I was there with dietetics department for seven years.

I worked with sexology. I worked with a pathology. Then I was working in a physiotherapy department as a visiting faculty there.

So I worked with 11 different different colleges medical colleges to train psychology student and the medical part. So I always thought of having an eclectic approach during my early learning period also. During that period Orkut was very popular.

WhatsApp was just to get yet to get introduced. And in 2008 and 9 I had a thought in my mind like how people can basically use online platforms for counseling so that the stigma can be removed. Because I was struggling 25 years back in India being in the field of psychology was a big struggle.

In fact when I got married at that moment it was a big challenge whether I should continue with my wife or continue with my profession. So basically my in-laws and everybody said you have choice now. Either you leave this thing or you do.

I said I want both the things together. So it was a big challenge for me for the struggle. So when Orkut was there I was just thinking like there should be some platform where online consulting should be there.

And I started studying about the behavior of how people are going to internet cafes paying a one hour rent there at that moment and going for online chatting and other things. So during that period I thought later on apart from the cyber security apart from the safety which was a very primitive part at that moment in India. The people will be addicted there and there’s going to be a field called cyber psychology.

I started reading about it and I came to know there are very few pioneers in the world working on this thing. And I tried to convince a lot of police commissioners, bureaucrats and a lot of policy makers in India that this is the field which you should think about. They thought you know I’m just crazy.

I am talking about something which is going to be 2050 or 60. So they were not recognizing me at that time. But one commissioner who was a engineering graduate he recognized me and he said no I really appreciate and we will start with the police department here and we’ll invite the principals.

So he invited around 400 principals and the day one when I went for the lecture which was only for a one hour session and he was expecting me 10 to 15 powerpoint slides. I prepared 2000 slides and he was surprised. He said you are you’re talking about 2000 slides.

I said I’m not going to say today but this is my research and this is for my future just because you gave me an opportunity. I thought I will avail this opportunity for all my PPTs. So the day one the principals they were surprised to know like these types of problems are going to come up and they said we want sessions in our school since then I had been working now with minister of home affairs, minister of external affairs.

I worked on cyber terrorism, cyber radicalization. I worked with mobile addiction clinics. I have my own mobile addiction.

I started with certificate diploma courses and the complete ecosystem I have developed now in last 15 years and the ecosystem’s last part which I’m coming in month of June in Goa in India one of the beach tourist placed in India is one of the first worst digital rehab center in an island where people will come down there to get rid of the mobile addiction and someone has donated me a 20 acre island basically for this novel project. So that’s the complete ecosystem currently I have developed. This was my journey.

Wow that is quite a journey and as you say so varied. There’s so many different things you’ve done within your working career but come from a really interesting background of kind of medical side of things. Do you think that that helps you from the addictions clinics that you’re looking at? Do you think that helps from the biological perspective of how people operate with technology and the impact it has on them? Definitely.

So whenever I will create awareness in schools like I have around 900 workshops commitment in one year for schools. So in a year we deliver 900 workshops to create awareness about digital wellness. So the primary part of the workshop is basically more of scientific part the cause-effect relationship of all these things how dopamine works how the endorphin and oxytocin melatonin how it basically social engineers are trying to control all these things and apart from that even on the constructive part also where we can basically work with the neurological aspect.

So that helps a lot to me and as I said I always believe in eclectic part. Initially also when I used to talk to my colleague and say I don’t believe only on talk therapy I think diet is also important. Mind, brain everything is important.

So they used to think if you don’t endorse your own colleagues I said no a person sitting in front of me his genetics his biological his metabolic his dietary part everything is responsible for his behavior. So same thing happens in the online virtual world also. Both the worlds are now we can consider online and offline world.

Yeah I think that’s a lot of psychologists approach technology from a you are just a human perspective rather than taking all those different elements of who we are into account when we’re thinking about technology and how it affects us and how we use it and that’s I think why cyber psychology is so interesting because we look at so many different elements of the technologies. It’s not just the physically I’m scrolling and I talk to someone there’s so many different ways it affects us too. So you started a certificate in cyber psychology and you’ve been running it for a few years now haven’t you? Certificate courses we have started in 2020-21 during the lockdown period yeah and fortunately I got a very good mentor and a coach Dr. Vaya ma’am.

She’s a legendary forensic psychologist of India and she was a director she’s a director there basically with Rajshri Raksha University which is one of the only police university of India run under the ministry of home affairs. So it’s under the directly under the ministry so she endorsed this thing and she called me up during the lockdown period and she said this is quite interesting and she said why don’t we start this course and we came across with the certificate and diploma courses and every three months four months we have a new batch for that and we are trying to create a human resource in India now and even in further course very soon maybe we’ll come up with a council also for this thing. So every three or four months you’ve got a whole new batch of students that come.

Yeah. How many people are on each batch that comes on? So we have 30 batch of 30 students in one batch. Okay.

So that is the limited online if that’s an online course yeah and we haven’t started offline course yet we are doing online itself so we restrict to 30 for the interactions so that it can be interactive or even then also usually what happens if we go for 50 to 100 students a lot of students they don’t open up the screen throughout the course they have put about the blank screen invisible so we said going for a volume would they disconnect us from the students so we kept only 30 so that we can give them projects and they can at least do submit assignments. Okay so it means that they can interact with each other on an individual basis or on a group basis and learn from each other and bounce off each other rather than just listening to a lecture all the time. We give practical things also case studies practical everything.

Now the university that you work with and one of the things I saw on their website that it’s a institute of national importance what does that mean and why is it nationally important? Yeah so in India basically there are two types of university one is the state university which is run by the state government we have a democratic federal state system here then we have a central government here so there are two different universities one which is run by state one which is run by central so this university was basically run by the state Prime Minister Modiji state Gujarat so he opened up this university and his initiation was this thing and later on he became a Prime Minister and then he made it now a central university so now it is under the Ministry of Home Affairs Home Affairs where all the police department and Ministry of everything is run so that’s now directly under the supervision of the Home Affairs so that’s why it is given the its national importance because it’s a national level university now. Okay wow that’s very cool and it’s great that you’ve got that as a backing and working with them on that because it gives what you’re doing so much more credibility than just you on your own doing a oh I am a cyber psychologist I want to run a course. So basically I am an ERF there and I have a center of excellence jointly with them for cyber psychology it’s the first COE of India for cyber psychology I think it’s the only one currently we don’t have any COE for cyber psychology so we have that’s the forensic and police university so all over India’s intelligence bureau right from the CBI to all the police department they get trained there basically so to reach to the common people and to the bureaucrats it was the best university to come up with this course and we are doing very good now and we are coming up with researchers also we have students now slowly we are starting PhD also there a lot of things are coming up now.

Wow that’s so exciting this really is pioneering work that you’re doing in India you’re kind of like the front the front person in the pioneering world of cyber psychology in pacific Asia which is amazing so you are director of cosmic integrated institute of psychology and security I have to read that because I can’t remember and it’s you shortened it to SIPS I think it is so tell me about that and how how you started that and what what it because you just rebranded as well haven’t you yeah so tell me about brand as well so basically SIPS was earlier central India institute of psychological science because I I am from central India the mid of the India basically Nagpur so it was termed in that way and we initially started like to train school counselors and like various workshops and seminars that was the initial purpose of starting this institute but as the cyber psychology thing picked up I saw that every city were demanding cyber psychologists from me and coach also trainers also so we we thought of coming up purely on cyber psychology rather than going for other mental health training so now basically the complete name which is cosmic we have rebranded now central India to cosmic that is the complete world and integrated that’s the integration of psychology and cyber security together and again we have put up security that includes everything right from the e-security to the national security everything is covered in that thing so that’s the logo also you can see there is a logo of I basically I formation is there with the yellow and pink and blue color so that also stands for basically a lot of color combinations of psychology so now the brand rebranding is done in that way that we are a cosmic integrated institute where we are working on psychological things which is connected to national security and the cyber security so we have many things with us we are also working with the army we are now in the process of delivering sessions to the army people the new recruits on mental health especially with the work-life balancing with them so we have many projects around 40 projects are there under CIPS we are doing CSR activities also we have many CSR activities we are coming up with the first free mental health counseling center in India in Nagpur and most probably this is just yesterday only I got an approval it’s going to be the first robotic free counseling center. Wow so tell me about the robotic counseling centers that using an artificial intelligence or how does that work? Yeah so the yesterday only we got an approval for the CSR that you can come up with this thing and they pass me the budget for that thing so I have inquired across the globe but currently we have seen around two or three people are there those who are working on robotic most of them they are working on chat box and basically they are working on open AI system and but I was keen on putting up a robot in the chamber where people can come up and they can just talk to the robot rather than texting with the robot so that was my part so yesterday I got so let’s see maybe within a month or so I’ll be again coming on interacting with you and that’s going to be the first robotic counseling center where people would be putting a VR or robot and all together and non-stigmatic non-biased way they can do the counseling part. So do you think that that people will have a better therapeutic experience with the robots and AI than they would with a human? Do you think the robot takes up that power dynamic that often is in the room when you do face-to-face or even online therapy? Yeah because I was because being from the cyber psychology field I have put up a scope of cyber psychology in all the areas right from the school problems to the mobile addiction to the terrorism around 40 professions are there so one is basically about the gaming specialist or gaming developer and robotic part also so with the AI and cognitive engineering working with the cyber psychologist so in fact I was being pro with this part but again another part is there whether the how is the treatment part whether a person will be more comfortable with robot so yeah researchers say basically people are more comfortable with the robot like when they feel the robot is unbiased is non-judging and there is a lot of information available with the robot he has the precise evidence-based treatment available with trillions of data with him and the most important thing the patient or the client thinks okay he will not disclose this to anybody because he doesn’t know anybody in the society like me being a popular person in our city after my popularity or being with so many schools colleges and NGOs I faced one problem like because of my popularity a lot of people they didn’t turn up to me because they know me they feel I know all my friends they common friends are there so I usually tell my wife I said I am paying the cost for the celebrity for being a popular that a lot of people they don’t turn up to me because they feel I am known to everybody so yeah the robot is not known he’s not a person he he stored every data with him so one part is there and second thing the sensors and slowly gradually the AI along with the technology the sensors which can be used for the pulse and BP and other gradually it’s going to come up so I think robot will be able to assess the facial is able to assess the facial expression which we can miss because sometimes we are into a space we have burnouts sometimes we are not in that state to understand to pick up that point which a person is trying to tell us but since robot has that AI system along with that so you can pick up that phrases so I am going to the research part now to what it but with the psychosis but with something like where suicidal ideations are there or there are emergencies crisis help intervention is there I think there we will not recommend for that thing but the normal problem like relationship counseling trauma little bit issues teenage issues children coming up for various motivational interviewing reinforcements there I think they will be very much comfortable already they are working with chat GPT already they are on Instagram and Snapchat already they are doing it so we cannot reverse them now so it’s better to join them and be a part of the life then do you think that’s an AI will be able to understand empathy in a similar way to human or do you think it’s just that it’s about the phrases that people say and they kind of interpret those phrases in a specific way that then showcase some element of empathy or do you think it’s kind of the tone of voice and those kind of things that the machine learning picks up that they can then kind of do the empathy kind of thing yeah so but here on the so psychosocial perspective and generational science which we can discuss here for two minutes like what I am seeing on my personal analysis and my research like the Gen Z and the alpha both the generations they even lack empathy their sensitivity is down already so when Gen Z they are working with me now just pass out students I see very lack of empathy with them they are not so sensitive what we were as a millennials and some millennials working for the field of psychology they say sir how does it matter if somebody has a breakup how does it matter somebody has died in the family why she is so depressed this is not a big deal they always talk in front of me in this way like we were think used to think earlier 20 years back this is a big trauma she is facing there is a big problem now they say this is not a problem so I think the empathy has already been diminished with the Gen Z and alpha it has been the past story with millennials and Generation X so I think for them those who are even not defined with this empathy part if they are doing it with the robot so they are same each other yeah for a millennial it may be a problem when he sits in front of robot he may be expecting a larger empathy from the robot because he was from the face-to-face generation and from the earlier mobile previous mobile generation now these people are completely on mobile and they they don’t want to confront and come and talk to me on face-to-face for counseling they say why don’t you do online I said you stay in my city just two kilometers away from my house why don’t you come for offline they say I’m comfortable online so already they have chosen that part for the mental health so that’s the reason I shifted in that way okay let’s join them rather than asking them to get the perceptions of adoption of basically millennials and Generation X so that is the reason empathy will be lacking definitely but Gen Z alpha will not recognize this thing I agree with you I think that’s a really good point is that trying to get them into our space of kind of millennial Gen X world of we like face-to-face we prefer talking to people and to shoehorn them into that comfort what we find comfortable was actually unfair on them and it makes it more of a power dynamic and they don’t quite when they’re not they’re not comfortable then they can’t open up so it’s a really good point didn’t think about that yeah wow that’s amazing stuff you’re doing

So going back to your cyber security side of things, I saw that you got Dr Mary Aiken to do a talk with you. She’s one of my heroes in cyber psychology, so I’m very envious that you got her to do a talk. Yes, in fact everybody’s hero.

We all admire her. We adore her, basically, what the work she has done. Yes, absolutely.

So what did she talk about and what did she do with you? Did she help you launch the certificates or what was her role there? So I have a basic protocol like whenever I start the certificate course, so I invite one international guest from the field of cyber psychology. So initially I have invited Linda Kai also from UK. She also was one of the guests.

Oh, another one of the heroes. So Mary Aiken, she also was there. So Rahul Jha from Intech also from ITUC also I invite.

So always I’ve searched somebody who are working the world leaders in the field of cyber psychology and they can come. So she was there as a chief guest for the program and she spoke about the research part about how India and we can, she can just collaborate with us for various things. And we are just in the process of doing something good and asking the Indian government like to come up with some process or program with Mary.

So that last time she said, you invite me for India and I’d like to deliver a session for the Indian bureaucrats and the policy makers there. Oh, brilliant. She’s very knowledgeable about that stuff to have her come and chat to you and your key audience is such a bonus.

So in terms of the certificate going forward, so you’ve launched a few years ago, but you really now growing it substantially. What do you think your vision is for certificates in the next kind of five years? Yeah, I think now the human resource, the workforce for cyber psychology is required across the globe. I was there last year at Japan for the United Nations IGF program.

And there I came to know from many countries that they are not still aware about cyber psychology and they are inviting me to their countries for to deliver or to do something about cyber psychology. So I was very happy to understand that people are accepting this across the globe now, but still the human resource is lacking. So in India now, since I created this awareness now, so many cities here, many universities, they have asked me to start courses.

We’ve come now interacting and been finalizing with many universities in India. They wanted to come up with COE. And since we are tied up with our Rastri Raksha University for this particular title certificate in cyber psychology, so we cannot give this title to another university.

We are trying to put up in cybernetics or some other course there. But now every university, they want to come up with this course, credit courses also. And with human resource development, the schools now, they wanted to come up cyber counselors in school in India, not only the school counselor, but the cyber counselors, those who can treat only the addiction part and the mobile screen time.

In India, there is a big problem going on. The children here are sleeping at morning 5am. The whole night they are awake.

So there is a big problem going on. Sleep is the biggest problem now. And they go to school drowsy, then irritability, anger issues, mobile gaming issues, even a lot of cases of deep vein thrombosis, cardiac attacks, suicides.

It’s on a rampant level everywhere it’s going on. Every day, the front page of any city has one or two news of mobile suicides or gaming addictions. So it’s a big problem.

Even with the gambling part also, younger generations, they have entered into crypto and other gambling, poker and other gambling. So there are also a lot of problems are going on. So now we can say we are on the bombshell at this moment.

It’s going to blast. So every parent they know, only thing that everybody’s looking for a solution. So I’ve been alone, I thought I cannot reach to each and every family.

And just making videos or putting up reels and shots cannot actually solve the problem. It can only orient them about the problem. And the problem is known by everybody that they can see the child throughout the day sitting in a room and playing gaming.

So they don’t need to understand what is gaming addiction, they are suffering from that thing. So we need human resource and train human resource. So that’s the reason this certificate course has a wider scope across the thing like right from the cyber security professional to the psychology students, postgraduates, doctors, school teachers, anybody can do this thing.

And they can initially at least create awareness, they can coach in school, they can go and train in school. And when it comes to the clinical aspect, they can refer it to a psychologist. That is one part.

And once those psychologists, those who are doing this course, we train them specially for addiction and de-addiction part, we have special batches for that thing, like how to make them detox, how to give them alternatives, how to make them more, this is what basically we train them specially with the psychological fraternity. So we have different courses for that. So it’s a big scope all over the world, in SAARC countries, Asia Pacific, European countries, everybody’s saying is that how we can come up this course with our European Union and other places.

Only thing we have to reach through all like people like you and make a consortium partners with each other and come up with these courses. Absolutely. So it sounds like more than anything, you need practical help for families, for schools, for so many different institutions, they just need something practical.

And as you say, there’s kind of anecdotally, people see their children struggling with the phone and struggling with addiction, struggling with suicide. But that and they know there’s an issue, but they don’t quite know how to solve it. And do you find in the mass media that there is a lot of scared stories around mobile phones rather than practical help? That’s true.

That’s true. Everybody’s telling anxiety. Everybody’s creating and inducing anxiety and right from the consumer products to everything.

And the cost effect relationship no one is able to make understand because a lot of solutions can be at home itself. It can be sorted at home like simplest way when I deliver session for the certificate or by workshop, I usually tell them right from the baby boomers to the gen Z and alpha how they behave online. And what are the cyber behaviors? Many problems are sorted because of that they are able to understand we belong to X and Y. So obviously, there is a difference of behavior.

So this is a small insight which can be developed at home itself. So rather than telling them, okay, suicide is happening, suicide is happening, it’s better to tell them why the suicides are happening and what’s your communication role, how you can talk in short to this emojis generation to this short generation. So this is what I think like online everywhere, even in India also with our colleagues and they daily they put up shots and videos, reels and Instagram, indicating the symptoms, they want clients.

So my mission and my vision, I can say my overall contribution to the planet is basically to somewhere bring a social impact. So because I came to know Caroline, and a few years back that I cannot eat more than my hunger, that’s the limited thing I have, I can eat my two spoons of rice or something more than that is always it. So there was somewhere I wanted to contribute to the society, give back to the society.

And then even my child, he’s basically an alpha, he’s a 13 year old child. So he will also be surviving in this society where everybody’s going to be insane zombies. So what type of society I’m going to give it give to them same like what climate has done, we have done the mistakes, our children are facing the climatical problems now.

Yeah, yeah. This is my vision and mission. Like this is the reason I’m moving across the globe, asking people if we are not able to sort it out now in the next five to 10 years, it’s going to be irreversible, same like climate.

Yeah. Yeah, I agree with you. There is an element of and this whole generation that’s growing up now we laying down foundations for them, neurological foundations, if not social foundations and cultural foundations that in a lot of ways irreversible.

And I think growing up because I grew up analytical, so we didn’t have computers when I was growing up, not neither in school or university or in the home. And it’s only in my mid 20s when I got my first mobile phone. And those were the ones.

And it was it was only later on that I kind of got got into the smartphone. So from my perspective, I’d be looking at this generation from the younger generation from it. I grew up analytical world.

So for me to try and understand that is very difficult. So I agree there’s an element of education across generations of children. This is how your parents see things and parents.

This is how your children see things. And let’s find a common ground that we can talk about how technology is changing us and changing how we interact. And with that in mind as well, one of the things I often say to people, especially as adults and parents, is that children watch us and how we use our technology and they often copy it.

So we talk about screen time for them, but we don’t often think about our own screen time and what our children see. And they see this is how you be an adult. You do this with your phone and you don’t look at me.

You just do this and you work. So do you think that has an impact of how we operate our technology as grown ups and how that impacts our children in the home environment? Obviously, but it’s not only the sole reason for children getting into this particular addiction or online behavior, because even those parents, those who are not using the mobile or not been much on the screen, even their children are also basically into the mobile problems. Nowadays, I have so many parents for the middle class people, those who don’t have time for mobile, but they come up with the children, they have mobile addiction with the children.

Because the most problematic thing is the peer group influence. The peer influence is so high outside. They need validation.

They need approval. There are internal needs which are there into the subconscious mind. And they want these needs to be satisfied from the peer group.

So if they don’t belong to that group, they don’t do anything, they don’t belong to that group. So that need of validation, approval from the group, from the peer group is the most problematic thing that is triggering them. So I guess that is the most thing where we need to make them aware.

In our sessions, basically what we do in schools, on the day one and the day two, a lot of parents, they come up to schools and they say, what type of session was conducted? Our children, they came back home, and they were putting stickers on the front camera. And they said, you know, I want to install PUBG. So principals are very happy.

They said, these are my parents, they turn up today, and they said they are happy. So what was the session held? I said, they only, we created the insight. They only, we don’t moral police them then.

We did not tell them not to do, not to do. We only told them what exactly happens in the social darknet, how it goes. So they are quite intelligent enough.

They are 5G now. They are not 3G and 2G. They are 5G.

Their absorption is very fast. They understand the language in a short course. They don’t want lectures and big lectures.

They want, okay, let us know what is the problem. We’ll sort it out. Yeah, I think that’s a really interesting perspective.

So it’s not about telling people what to do. It’s telling them or educating them on the implications and how it affects you. And they make up their own mind and make their own decisions on how to go forward with technology.

That’s fantastic. It’s a great way, I think, to help people, give them tools to make better decisions around technology. So you, there’s so much that you want to achieve and so many things that you want to get done in the next five years.

There’s massive ambitions. How do you think you’re going to make that work? Because as you said, you can only eat, if you can only eat two spoons of rice, that’s all you can eat. So I’m working now and hard on this thing.

I know like maybe a few things will be left behind. Still I have a long way to go. But currently the complete ecosystem or the complete dots, currently it has connected.

So if you see right from the schools, we have a lot of schools here, leading schools of India, those who are running our programs in school. So we have this year’s commitment of 900 workshops. We have companies and corporates, they are doing program for that.

We have government missionaries and ministries, those are working with us. And then we have private sectors that now with the resort part. So currently, the only thing which is left is global aspect.

So globally also now I had been visiting twice or thrice outside and getting a lot of invitations from all. The only thing what I’m seeing is lacking is getting human resource for this thing, a trained human resource, which I think, because otherwise, I will not have a legacy to follow. This will end up with me itself when I go.

So maybe in India, very few people will come up with this thought, okay, this was a field somebody thought about. So second line, to create a second line is becoming a very challenging task for me. And when I create a second line, they feel, sir, it’s not so financially useful.

I’m not getting so much of financial benefits what I get from other fields. So they don’t sustain in that way. And there are no funders, no VC funding.

No one is able to accept it till now also that they will fund this thing. I’m doing it on the bootstrap from last many years. And my own company’s valuation is quite good.

But then also, I’ve spoken to a lot of corporates, those who are, you know, followers of me, but when it comes to cyber psychology, they know the problem is there, but they feel it’s not a commercial viable thing. It’s a social project. They don’t consider still a cyber psychology or psychology to be a commercial venture where we can reach the masses.

So I’m looking forward for somebody who can take under his umbrella, under the corporate umbrella, or the government umbrella. And I’m trying to reach our Prime Minister, I’m trying to reach to the top Home Minister here, so that once they come to know about this part that for how hard I am working on the Asia part. So I think same like has what yoga we have given to the world, cyber psychology will be also a part of India to the world.

Yeah, absolutely. I like the way you put that, because I think that’s true in a lot of countries, even in the UK, really, cyber psychology is slightly more of a social issue than a commercial venture. And it hasn’t quite broken into the commercial world yet in a way that the majority of people recognize what it is and how it can add value to the companies or institutions.

But I think there’s a lot of work that all of us have to do to educate and get people understanding the value that is cyber psychology and the value it adds to humans, to culture, to society. So I think, yeah, the work you’re doing is phenomenal in India. And we all need to follow your example and make cyber psychology a lot more commercially viable, because then it becomes a generic knowledge base rather than just a little social project and well done you.

So well done. Well done for all the work you’ve done. Thank you.

Thank you for the kind words and appreciation. It means a lot. Basically, it is it’s hard work being a pioneer in any field.

And this is a really tough one, because there’s so many people who are crying out for help. But how do we actually get the word out to them and give them the help they need, but also make it financially viable? Because it’s a lot of hard work to be a pioneer. It takes a lot of energy.

So well done. Are there any other things you want to kind of chat about that you haven’t spoken about? Because you’ve spoken about lots of amazing things that you’re involved in. But is there anything that you haven’t covered yet that you thought, oh, I really want to just chat about this? So I just wanted to say like a lot of people, they feel like when it comes to the term cyber psychology, they think about cyber addiction and they feel it is restricted to cyber addiction itself.

It’s not so cyber. Cyber psychology has bigger spectrum than the cyber addiction itself. So right from digital psychology, right from the marketing, consumer psychology, behavioral economics, and the most important thing, which is a national and international concern for everybody is basically the cyber radicalization and cyber terrorism and cyber warfare.

This is the most important thing which we need to understand. So I think there we require a lot of people who understand the geopolitical aspect as well as the psychology and cyber aspects together to make it a country safer, the world to be safer and peaceful, because the war now is not basically one-to-one, the drone war and the robotic war and the cyber war is coming up now. So it’s very difficult now in coming days, in the next generation, Gen Z and beta generation, they are going to see a very challenging things when it comes to the climate as well as to the internet, because any time it’s going to get collapsed.

So India, basically it is the cyber crime is going up more than around 300% and millions of millions daily swapping of money is going on. It’s getting swiped off. So and the detection is also very less, less than 1%.

Conviction is less than 1%. So we need a lot of professionals now. Eight lakhs professionals are required in India for cyber security.

Consider about the world. It’s a scope there basically when it comes to the employability part. A lot of people can get employed.

But when it comes to national security, because that makes the world peaceful. And so I have one student now, she is from Syria and she’s doing a cyber psychology course. She’s telling about how she’s a Brazilian basically and she is staying in Syria.

So she’s telling how they are suffering there. It’s so disturbing listening to things like what’s happening there. But we are not aware because whatever has been shown to us, we see only that part.

The same may happen to the children also. I think now it’s all about narratives. It’s all about the storytelling.

Whose stories and whose narratives are better than manipulative. So there the cyber psychological aspects can be used and the new generation, those who are not able to find the credibility of any news, fake news and other things, the deep fake AI and other parts. So if they are trained about this thing in schools, colleges, or even as a professional, I think we can have a new peaceful world under the cyber psychological aspect.

Yeah, I agree. And it is, I think the biggest challenge is human resource. Is just to get people who are passionate about this and get them trained up as soon as possible.

We really need resource all over the world. All over the world. Yeah.

And it sounds a bit shallow to ask you a really silly question about which book you’d most recommend to anyone in cyber psychology. It’s just because all the stuff you’re doing is so amazing. And now I’m asking you which book you’d recommend.

Seems very shallow question. We have all the common answers. We all know that we have all been following Mary and the cyber effect book and all these books written by Mary is awesome.

That’s the basically the holy book of cyber psychology. We can say initially the start of cyber psychology. So that’s a big for the bigness.

It’s good. I’ve also authored one of my book called wired for wellness been published by the Adroid publishers and we have unveiled it in Japan last year. So that is for the parents, teachers, and students to understand the basics of cyber psychology.

So right from the evolution of cyber psychology, the generation, the chemical responsible case studies, and brain and mind, how it works online. That is about that book in a very simple language. So, but I will recommend anybody who wants to start, should start with Mary Eakin’s book so they can have a love for cyber psychology.

Yeah. That was the very first book I ever read on cyber psychology and I was absolutely hooked from page one and it just, yeah, just gave me such a passion for the subject. So yeah, highly recommended.

Thank you so much for all your time and for giving us some insight into what you’re doing in India. It just sounds like you are completely exhausted with all the things that you’re doing, but still have so much energy and passion for spreading the word and getting people on board and getting them, building up the knowledge of what cyber psychology is to help every single person, every single generation. So thank you for all that you do in India for the field.

I just thank you also for inviting me and so that my voice can reach to the other side of the world. And this is a constructive side of cyber psychology, like we are doing it online. So this is the positive part of that thing.

Both points up both the sides. And with your appreciation words, I’m really encouraged. And these words makes me more energetic to work more hard and to make it more applicable and bringing us a social impact.

And that’s the reason I’m trying to connect all the dots from the world and inviting them, all of them to India and see how we are working here and how we can bring an impact. Same like the yoga, which is now running completely all over the world. Same thing we wanted to come up with India also.

Brilliant. So thank you so much for all your time and for joining us on Confessions of a Cyber Psychologist. Really looking forward to getting updates of all the things you’re going to be doing over the next couple of years.

And we’ll be sharing the links to the certificates that you’ve got in India and all the Facebook page and your LinkedIn page and all the other exciting things you’ve been doing and your book. Yeah, sure. I’ll be sending you the book also.

Yeah, that would be brilliant. Thank you so much for your time. Thank you.

Thank you.

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Other podcasts
Unlocked Pete Etchells Book Review

Unlocked – Pete Etchells

Cyberpsychology / media-based psychological research is both under-funded and under-resourced. This is because, along with many other reasons,

  • CyberPsychology and media/digital technology-based psychological research is such a new field,
  • there are not enough academics conducting research across each area of digital and human interaction,
  • research results can be contradictory (for a number of reasons),
  • not enough of this research is leaking out into the public domain
  • digital technology is being invented and upgraded faster than research can be conducted and disseminated, and
  • it is relatively easy for journalists to pick up on research headlines and sensationalise the results to gain clicks, 

There are also not enough books or publicity about the findings from the research that is being conducted that are easy for the general public to consume. 

This is one of those books that every adult should read if they are interested in understanding more about their own and their children’s technology use.

It demystifies a number of concepts and debunks a lot of current debates, along with showcasing how a few recently released books (relating to human-technology interaction) have missed the mark and caused some unnecessary moral panic.

There are a number of academic concepts that Pete Etchells covers throughout the book and he refers to a number of research methodologies and results outcomes that can be slightly overwhelming and difficult to follow. But if you press through these explanations, there is a wealth of insights that are very worth absorbing. 

His last few chapters provide great practical ways to both view and engage with technology. He proposes that we use technology as tools that we have mastery over, rather than as masters that we have no personal agency over, or inherent ability to manage. 

He also provides an interesting perspective for parents around their children’s technology use and suggests some research-based strategies for a more effective way of managing a healthier relationship with technology. 

My only criticism of the Audible book is that the narration is very difficult to listen to. For me, it came across as tedious and patronising and distracted too much from the insights of the book. It’s highly unlikely I will build up enough motivation to listen to the Audible book again, and would recommend buying the physical book instead.

About Pete Etchells:

Pete is a professor of psychology and science communication at Bath Spa University. His research looks at the behavioural and well-being effects of playing video games. He is also interested in metascientific issues regarding best practices in digital technology effects research.

Adapted from his website: https://www.peteetchells.com/

Nicola Fox. Hamilton

Dr Nicola Fox Hamilton | Ep 3

Watch or listen:
How We Present Ourselves Online: Dating, Relationships and Attraction.

Dr Nicola Fox-Hamilton discusses her journey into cyberpsychology, from a career in graphic and web design to becoming a full-time academic.

We explore her research on online behaviour – particularly online dating and how online relationships have changed over time.

We also discuss how her Audible book aims to debunk myths about digital life.

Connect with the guests
Dr Nicola Fox Hamilton

Dr Nicola Fox Hamilton specialises in online dating and relationships, and attraction.

Nicola is a renowned Cyberpsychology Researcher, Lecturer, and Programme Chair at IADT in Ireland.

For speaking engagements, media appearances visit her website, or find her on LinkedIn.

Connect on Social Media :

IADT (Ireland)

Dr Nicola Fox Hamilton is a cyberpsychology researcher, lecturer & Programme Chair at IADT.

In this episode of Confessions of a CyberPsychologist, I chat to Nicola about her journey to Cyberpsychology, how the 2008 economic crash in Ireland pivoted her into pursue a master’s degree in Cyberpsychology – which led her to completing a PhD.

She shared how her unique background in design has influenced her research and informs her ability to communicate research effectively. We also talk about:

The World of Online Dating:
Nicola’s research focuses is online dating, how we judge other’s personality from their online profile in addition to research, how we present ourselves online through our dating profiles the challenges of building genuine connections through dating profiles. Her research focus. Key insights include:

  • The difficulty of expressing personality within limited character counts on profiles.
  • A fascinating contrast in how Irish and American men construct dating profiles.
  • The gamification of dating apps like Tinder, which transformed online dating into a mainstream activity, especially among younger generations.
  • The cultural perception of online dating has changed in the last decade, especially since the launch of Tinder and the 2020 Lockdowns – specifically the hyper-personal communication that didn’t always translate into offline compatibility.

Her Teaching and Programme Development at IADT:
Nicola oversees Ireland’s master’s programme in Cyberpsychology. She highlighted the available Masters programmes and what CyberPsychology educational opportunities IADT offers – both this year and future academic years, in person and online: the Cyberpsychology certificate and 2-year part-time Masters and what criteria are required for each to be considered for entry into the IADT programmes.

Work outside the University:

The talks, webinars, seminars and media interviews she has done and is available to do and how to get in touch with her if you would like her to talk about a specific topic in CyberPsychology.

Her Audible Book and Media Work:
Nicola’s audiobook, The Psychology of Online Behaviour (Audible Only),  is an accessible introduction to cyberpsychology, tackling misconceptions about technology’s impact on behaviour.

She reflects on how her book and media engagements aim to dispel myths and the moral panic and narratives being pushed by some mass media and provide a balanced perspective on issues like social media, gaming, and screen time. She also reflects on the role cognitive bias plays in media consumption.

Upcoming Podcast and Future Endeavours:
The podcast she is planning, alongside a colleague – due to launch in the summer of 2024. The podcast will delve deeper into cyberpsychology topics. With a conversational format, the they will explore the psychological mechanisms behind our online behaviours and discuss cutting-edge research.

Key Takeaways:

  • Online dating has evolved from a “desperate” measure to an engaging, gamified experience, but challenges persist in accurately perceiving others online.
  • Cyberpsychology bridges the gap between online and offline worlds, emphasising that our online interactions are simply extensions of ourselves.
  • Education about technology’s impacts, especially for parents and educators, is crucial to balancing risks with opportunities.
Recommended Reading:
Dr Nicola Fox Hamilton's Research and Publications

Talks and Workshops

Dr Fox Hamilton is available for media interviews key note speeches, talks, workshops, lectures and panel discussions.

Previous Podcasts

Bright Club Ireland 26th October 2021.

Podcast Transcript

(Transcript generated directly from podcast audio using TurboScribe, and not manually corrected for transcribing errors).

Welcome to Confessions of a Cyberpsychologist. Today I’m chatting with Dr. Nicola Fox-Hamilton, who is a Cyberpsychology Researcher, Lecturer and Programme Chair at IADT in Ireland. She’s also a media expert and a speaker specialising in cyberpsychology issues.

Welcome Nicola, delighted to have you on board.

Thank you for having me here. Nicola, before we get started on talking about the things that you’re doing and the projects that you’re working on in the future, could you please just give us a bit of a background on who you are and what the pivot point was for you in really your passion around cyberpsychology and leading into what you really specialise in, kind of the world of online dating? Sure, of course.

So I’m a little bit similar to you in that I did not start out studying psychology at all. I did graphic design and I ended up working in web design and then advertising for quite a long time. And the recession hit, the Celtic tiger crashed and burned in Ireland.

And I decided, I got laid off, which I was quite happy with, and decided to go back to college and do a master’s degree. And originally intended to do one in digital media, which would have been kind of complementary to the skills I already had, but overheard Dr. Gráinne Ciarán talking about the master’s in cyberpsychology, which sounded far more interesting because I had an interest in psychology. And so I decided to do that.

So it was a twist of fate that kind of sent me down this path. I never intended becoming an academic. I thought that things like consumer cyberpsychology and learning how to build community online would be really useful as a designer and in advertising.

But that wasn’t the stuff that I loved. It’s interesting, but it’s not the stuff I loved. I loved the social psychology, how people interact with each other.

I love all the stuff about individual differences, all of that kind of stuff. And so when it came to doing my master’s research project, I had lived in the States for quite a few years and I was back in Ireland not all that long. And I was interested in the difference in how people approach you to ask you out for a date or flirt in person.

And I wondered what that would look like in the online dating sphere, the difference between Irish and American people. And so I ended up looking at that for my master’s. And then Dr. Chris Fullwood from the University of Wolverhampton was our external examiner on the course.

And he suggested that I could go and do a PhD with him in the University of Wolverhampton, which I did. And many more years later than I originally intended, I got the PhD right when COVID hit. And that I continued on my research in online dating and it’s just such a fascinating, interesting area.

Yeah, so that’s how I got into it. And as I was doing my PhD, I started doing some teaching in IDT, started teaching cyber psychology and gradually built up so that I became full-time as a lecturer and moved away from, at that point, I was doing some consultancy work for design, started to just cut that back. And now I am a full-time academic, which is quite fun and different.

That’s quite a change from going from the graphic design agency side of things to academics. Do you think that feeds into your insights and the way that you approach the research that you do in terms of having that real world experience? I think where it probably most plays a part in the communication of the research, maybe. So I learned how to communicate succinctly, doing pitches for advertising and like writing some copy and things like that.

And I think that’s been really helpful. And communicating to different audiences, I think, has been really helpful. It also helps that, you know, I find it easy to create kind of nice slides.

In terms of approaching the research itself, I suppose, like, I still don’t have a psychology undergrad. I did think about going back and doing a conversion course. But after spending basically 10 years in education as an adult, I kind of had enough.

Yeah. And I suppose I probably think a little bit differently than someone who came in right from the beginning. Sometimes that’s good.

Sometimes it’s not so good. Sometimes there’s things that I’m unaware of that someone with a general psychology background might be aware of. But maybe it brings a different perspective to going about research and thinking about research.

Yeah. And I think that adds a lot of value to what you do. And because even chatting with a number of academics, there is there is a very specific way that they think about things.

And you can see someone who comes in from a slightly different perspective, how they just give that nuance, which changes the questions you ask and the way that you look at things. Yeah. So you’ve done quite a bit of research in online dating.

Tell me more about that. What are the big things you found? And is there any other research that you’ve done that you’ve gone or that kind of either spun off from that or different? Yeah, I haven’t done as much as I would like. The institute I work in is a teaching institute.

And so there isn’t a huge amount of time to do research, unfortunately. But my master’s research, like I said, was looking at the difference between American and Irish men and how they present themselves in their dating profiles. And that was quite fun because American men were writing three times as much as Irish men at that point.

Now, that may have changed. So that was around 2010. And Tinder hadn’t come out yet.

So when I went on to do my PhD research, Tinder arrived kind of a year or so after I started. And again, I was looking at what people were writing about in their profiles and how they were writing about themselves and presenting themselves. And it suddenly went from people writing 500 words to very, very, very short ones.

So it kind of changed the data I was getting and the richness of the data I was getting. And it kind of messed it up a little bit. But that happens with cyber psychology a lot.

But what I was looking at was how people. So one of the things we know about online dating is that it can be very frustrating for a number of reasons. But one of the main reasons is that when you show up for the first date, the person often isn’t who you think they were or how you thought they would be.

And sometimes that’s because they’re lying. But often it’s not. Often it’s because we don’t really get an accurate impression of what they’re like from their profile and from the initial chats that we have.

And so I wanted to know in more depth, like, what is it that we’re missing out on? So are we able to judge personality from people’s dating profiles? Are people expressing their personality? Is it being picked up accurately by other people? And so I did a number of studies. And essentially what I found was like seven, eight years later, no, we’re very bad at this. Profiles aren’t a good place to express their personality.

And people know this. They find it frustrating as well, writing profiles, because we’re highly complex people. And then we’re trying to fit in 500 characters or less, a picture of who we are that’s positive, but also accurate and has a bit of depth and isn’t cliched and stuff.

And so it’s quite difficult. And so, yeah, I found out that people are particularly bad at judging personality from us. Now, combined with photographs, they’re probably a little bit better.

We get a little bit more of a slice of personality from photographs, but it’s still pretty poor. And so that was quite interesting. And then during COVID, I did interviews with people and I haven’t managed to publish it yet, but I did interviews with people during lockdowns, during those first lockdowns where we were very locked down and looked at their experiences.

And then I did follow up questionnaires with them to see how they were getting on later, because about half of the people I interviewed had found somebody that they thought might result in a relationship that they were talking to a lot and had been talking to for at least a good few weeks or months even. And when I followed up a few months later, when the lockdown started to lift a little bit, a lot of them had either met up in person and the person wasn’t who they thought they were, or it had just fizzled out, because it’s very hard to keep something going that feels kind of intense and romantic without the possibility of meeting or knowing when you’re going to be able to meet or anything like that. And so I think it was a good example of seeing hyper-personal communication at play, where people felt, you know, this very intimate connection, heightened emotion, really felt like they were getting to know somebody.

And it created a little bit of a fantasy in their head of who that person was. And when they met in person, often it didn’t quite match what they expected. And that was something that would cause it to just kind of fizzle out or fall apart.

And whereas other people, like I said, just, you know, found it hard to keep it going. And a lot of other people, the other kind of half of the participants were trying online dating because, you know, they were at home, they didn’t have much to do. And they were like, well, here’s an opportunity to try something and spend a bit of time doing it.

And then they’re like, you meet somebody on there that you kind of like, but you don’t invest months talking to them without the possibility of meeting. So they’re kind of parking people, which you normally wouldn’t do, but was considered maybe a little bit more acceptable then. But none of those ones really worked out all that much.

So, yeah, it was interesting. But when one of my participants who was in an African country got in touch with me months after the second survey to say that she was getting married to the person that she had met, which was really lovely update to it. So that was quite nice.

I think that was the only success story that I know of. Very cool. Do you think the general perception on this, on a cultural perspective of online dating has changed rapidly over the last decade or so, and especially since lockdown? Yeah, yeah, absolutely.

I think, you know, it kind of started in the mid 90s and the initial people doing it were the early adopters. And there was still a perception that it was for people who were desperate. And around the time that I tried it, so I got interested in it because I tried it, was sort of two thousand and seven, eight, nine.

And it was more acceptable then, but it was still unusual. People were still telling their parents that they had met in a pub rather than meeting online a lot of the time. I was very open about it because I didn’t really care.

That was really interesting. And now it’s just completely mainstream, like so mainstream. There is nothing really different about the population of people who are doing online dating versus those who aren’t.

The personality traits, self-esteem, like so many different characteristics are just the same. It is just the thing that people do. And I think what changed with the rise of Tinder and the other apps is that young people didn’t engage in online dating before because they didn’t need to.

It was considered something that you did when you didn’t have access to people in the real world and young people were in college or starting jobs and there were loads of people around and lots of them were single and so they didn’t need to. Whereas people in their 30s felt more like they needed to. Tinder made it fun and gamified it and suddenly it just became a fun thing to do and people would hand their phone around their friends and swipe and it was entertaining and alleviated boredom.

It was also on your phone, so it was with you all the time. And so the 18 to 24 market went from like 10 percent of them trying online dating to now it’s like 59 percent or 64 percent, something extremely high. So that changed the market and changed the kind of perception of it and everything as well.

Do you think that’s the key pivot point was the gamification of it and the fun element rather than it being about serious, you’re desperate, so therefore you go online. It’s almost in some ways, I was actually doing some online dating about a similar time to you and got the same kind of, oh you’re desperate, giggle when I told someone I was doing online dating. But it just seems as though the whole shift has come or it seemed to me from anecdotally the shift came with when they’re talking about swap right, swap left.

There was an element of fun, there’s elements of not so desperate, it’s more it’s okay to do this now. Yeah, it became something to share with people rather than something to do by yourself quietly without telling anyone. I think the fact that it was gamified as part of it and the fact that it was on your phone was a huge part of it.

So you used to have to sit down in front of your computer and create your profile and talk to people and then when you were away from your computer you couldn’t do it. And when it became part of your phone you could do it in the bus and the train and when you’re having a break in college or whatever. And phones were something that all young people had and so it was something that was just there for them.

They didn’t have to go find it. So I think that was part of it. There was a lot of hype around Tinder as well and the fact it was the first app and gamified and all that stuff and that made it kind of trendy and cool and a lot of people who talk about why they use it is because it is trendy.

It’s because what people are doing. So yeah, there were a couple of different factors to it but the gamified part of it was certainly an aspect of it I think. And that’s interesting that it moved because I didn’t think about that.

It moved from on your own behind a computer in a room to actually in the community and you just shared it and it was you kind of moved yourself physically into a different space and in a different space changes the way you perceive it and changes the way you think about it. Yeah, absolutely. It’s less serious.

It’s less dedicated time to it I think. It’s more part of your day and integrated into it. Yeah, so it’s kind of almost less shameful because you can share it in the community.

Yeah, yeah. Oh, I keep on saying this. I just love psychology.

It’s great. And you spoke about the lecturing that you’re doing and being program chair at IADT. What does IADT stand for? Because I keep on getting it wrong every time I think about it.

So it’s the Institute of Art Design and Technology in Dunlary which is just in South County Dublin. There were a number of institutes of technology. We are the only Institute of Art Design and Technology.

So we’re the creative Institute of Technology. And we had the first master’s program in cyber psychology in the world. So Dr. Gráinne Kieron was the founding person to create that.

And it was 2007 when it started. So I was in the third intake in 2009. So it was very groundbreaking and like really new and really, really exciting to be part of it.

And now we have so we have the master’s which I’m program chair of and I teach on it and I supervise on it. We also have a certificate in cyber psychology which is one year, 20 weeks, two hours a week. And it’s basically one module and it’s an introduction to all of cyber psychology or as much of it as I can squeeze into 20 classes.

But it’s a really fun course for people who are interested in the area but don’t want to dedicate the time that a master’s would take because it’s basically a different topic every week. And we get lots of guest speakers in. I also teach the module in cyber psychology in our first year of the applied psychology undergrad which is kind of similar.

It’s an introduction to it. We go a little bit more in depth in some areas but it’s a really nice module and I think the students really enjoy it because so much of it is applicable to their lives. So yeah and then I’ve also taught things like psychology of design and user experience design and gamification and things like that.

So bringing some of the cyber psychology as well as some of my design background into other modules. So we will hopefully be having a new undergrad in like a gaming undergrad, game development undergrad potentially next year. So we’re writing some modules on psychology of gaming, gamification, things like that for that.

So there’s some really interesting stuff happening in IDT but the master’s program is fantastic. I mean I did it and now I’m running it. I’ll be handing it over to a new program chair and my colleague Dr Liam Chaloner next year.

But it’s such a fantastic program. It runs two years part-time and we run it primarily online now. So now we have students from Pakistan and Australia and America and all different countries which is really really lovely and makes it quite rich and all these different experiences coming in.

I think COVID was really interesting for us because obviously like everybody else we moved everything online and initially found it very difficult I think like everybody else. But we actually found it to be very powerful for this course because you know it’s mature students, they all have jobs, they have families and it made it easier to manage for quite a lot of people. It meant that people could come in from different countries to take it and then we have a couple of hybrid days each year so anyone who can come on campus and people travel from all around the world to go on campus they come in for two days in each term in a block and we kind of help build the community a little bit more there.

But we’ve been I think quite successful in building community online as well. So taking all the principles of what we teach and bringing it into the program it’s been quite nice. So yeah the program’s quite a broad one I know there are other programs now some are more focused on things like cyber security or like mental health therapy things like that.

Ours is fairly broad and you don’t need an undergrad in psychology to take it. So we get people coming in from journalism and marketing and tech companies and like IT looking to go into cyber security and we’ve had teachers and we’ve had people from the police and army like we’ve had just every kind of person come into the course. And there’s you know there’s something for everyone but there’s a lot of modules that you can kind of make your own and then of course the research project you can make your own and that’s about whatever topic you’re interested in as well within ethical constraints of course.

But it’s a really fun course to teach because of all the different backgrounds of people like I learn as much from our students I hope as they learn from me because everybody brings a different perspective to what I’m teaching and feeds that back into the program and it’s just really exciting to teach on. That sounds amazing. You said that they don’t need an undergrad so what do you need in order to actually get accepted on the master’s program? You need a 2-1 in an honours undergraduate degree of any kind.

We also have a process if you don’t have that to recognize your prior learning through work experience etc so there’s a process to go through where you answer some questions write an essay etc to do that and we’ve had quite a lot of people. I actually went in myself through that process because I had a three-year higher national diploma in graphic design I didn’t have a degree so obviously you can be just as successful going in through that process as having the undergrad degree itself. So if you’ve done an undergrad in psychology if you get a 2-1 you’ll automatically be accepted? Yeah you’ll be accepted that’s the criteria for coming in yeah there’s no kind of subject criterias or anything like that and that’s it I mean obviously you have to provide references and things like that but yeah essentially if you have the 2-1 you’re in.

Okay and then the certificates do you have to do that at all or is that just a standalone module that you can do if you want to? It’s a standalone module so the master’s is obviously a level nine master’s the certificate’s level eight which is like honours degree level and so the only criteria for entering that is a leaving cert in Ireland it would be which is your higher one A-levels so A-levels for the UK or the equivalent so it’s it’s kind of secondary school completion degree or finishing exams yeah to get into that one but we have like again that’s a huge range of people in it we’ve had people who have their leaving cert we’ve had people come in through that RPEL process the recognition of prior learning process who didn’t have a leaving cert we’ve also had people take it who have a PhD but don’t know much about cyber psychology so just a vast range of people with hugely different experience from all different kinds of backgrounds so again that makes it really fun and again people from all around the world because that is entirely online so that’s a really it’s a really nice program I like it a lot I love teaching it really does sound like you’re the birthplace of cyber psychology yeah I know academic and teaching ish yeah that’s amazing and okay so then in terms of if someone wanted to apply for the master’s when is your next intake of master’s students and have you already filled the places or can people still apply people can still apply it usually opens sort of February March but people have applied before that we still have places at the moment there’s usually a second round if there’s places available where the deadline’s the end of August but just basically apply any time from the start of the year to August we used to I used to be able to say to people you will probably get in even if it’s full now there’ll be one or two people who maybe applied in February and by September things have changed for them but we’re actually quite full so the last year or so particularly this year we’ve been we were really subscribed so sooner rather than later is better to get the applications in for sure.

And you have done an audible book on cyber psychology. Tell us about that. What’s got you start in the process of thinking about it? Why is it audible and why not a written book? And what kind of things have you learned during that process of of constructing it? And because you deliver it yourself, you actually read it and and deliver it.

So tell me more about the book. So I kind of knew in the back of my mind that I would like to write a book at some point, but I actually got commissioned to write it, which is why it actually happened, because I’m no good at a deadline. So I was commissioned by a company called One Dream.

They were called the Great Courses at the time. They have their own online learning programs. Yeah, but they also make content for audible.

And they asked me to write a piece on cyber psychology. And they actually found me through Twitter. Twitter was such a great place.

It’s unfortunate that it has degenerated into the awfulness that it is now. But I had a lot of great opportunities through there when it was fantastic. So, yeah, they commissioned me to do that.

I was assigned an editor. We talked through what I would like to have in it. And my primary kind of purpose about it was to dispel some myths and kind of counteract some of the bad media reporting around cyber psychology topics.

So I picked the kind of big debates and the big things that people were interested in and the things that I thought were quite important at the time. And they very much reflect the kinds of things that I teach, particularly in the certificate, that broad overview of cyber psychology. So it’s like an introduction to cyber psychology and coming at it from kind of a critical perspective in many ways and trying to counteract some of the scaremongering.

It was quite intense to write because it was during covid when everything was quite intense. And it was really fun to do it. To work with an editor was really fantastic as well.

And it was a really nice experience. And they gave me the option of recording it myself or having someone do it. And I thought it’d be quite fun to do it myself.

And I got to record it in recording studios in Dublin called Mill Lane, which are very famous recording studios. So that was a very fun experience as well. So, yeah, the whole thing was like a little bit stressful, obviously.

I think writing a book is always a bit stressful, but I really did enjoy it. And I’m quite proud of the end product. So, yeah.

It is such a great book. And I was telling you before we started recording that the first time I listened to it, I was like, I was just in awe, just going, oh, there’s so much information. And then I listened to it again.

Oh, there’s so much more information out front. And that was so interesting. And I’m now in the third round of listening to it.

Even now, I just I’m going, wow, that is so fascinating. Wow. I didn’t hear that before.

And this is amazing. So who do you think is the best audience for this? Who do you think is the type of people that would really get a lot from your book? I think there’s a lot of people out there worried about their own technologies or their kids technologies. I think I hope that they will get a lot from us.

But also people who are curious about how and why we behave the way that we do online. So why are we more toxic online? Why does misinformation spread online? Why do we shop the way we do? Why are people drawn to gaming so much? All of those kinds of things, like that curiosity about why is it so compelling? Have they designed it to be addictive? And if that’s not true, which it’s not, then what is it about it that makes it so compelling and that makes us enjoy it or do it so much? So which is a lot of people. And I think the audience for it is quite broad in many ways.

Yeah, I think you’re right. And I think a lot of teachers and therapists and media people would find a lot or get a lot from the book because it really does explain the psychological reasons why we do things and how it impacts us both psychologically and physically and how it’s different to the online, because you often compare the online world to the offline world and how that changes, which is one of the most fascinating things about cyber psychology is how very different we sometimes act online and how we act online then changes how we act in the real world. And one of the great things you talk about, which is one of the first things I learned is there is no an online and offline self.

It’s kind of they both influence each other. Yeah, but it’s still the same person. Yeah.

Yeah. There used to be, I think, more of a divide between who we were online and those online spaces. And now it’s just fully integrated into our lives.

We just kind of seamlessly go between the two throughout our day. Yeah. And I remember someone saying to me once is that especially the younger generation, they their friends are not just online friends and offline friends.

They’re just the conversation continues from offline to online and back again. It’s just this fluid motion. And I think as older generations, we’ve adopted that same kind of online, offline communication and where being.

Yeah, absolutely. Or at least a lot of us have. I know not everyone has.

And there’s still people who find it confusing or don’t like it. But certainly a lot of us have. Yeah.

Yeah. And it just it’s it makes sense to just this is the conversation we continuously having and it just changes the way we have it changes. Yeah, absolutely.

So it’s absolutely fascinating. And you spoke about the media, because one of the things that often when I talk to cyberpsychologists, they get really frustrated about the headlines and the clickbaits in the media. Do you think it’s changing, getting better? And do you think the media needs a bit more direction in terms of understanding what cyberpsychology really is all about? So I think in some ways it’s gotten better.

So I collect terrible headlines about cyberpsychology just out of pure frustration and fascination with how bad they can be. I unsubscribed from The Guardian because the stuff about cyberpsychology was just so bad that I could not give them money anymore. They had a headline that was children are tech addicts and schools are the pushers.

Like, OK, it’s just so ridiculous. And so there’s still quite a bit of that out there, but there’s a bit less about some areas. We’ve moved on, I think, from some areas of video game violence.

I was looking for some bad headlines recently, particularly around there used to be a lot of stuff about video game violence, making kids violent, creating school shooters, things like that. And when I went looking for that, most of the recent stuff is actually refuting it and giving a compelling argument that absolutely that’s not the case. Which is much more what the research is is suggesting.

And so that was that was one of the positive things I saw. I think there are some reporters out there that are really trying to do a good job around this. Yeah, there’s still a lot of nonsense.

And then when books get published, you know, Jonathan, is this name Jonathan Haidt? Yeah. Haidt, yeah. Books like that get published.

People just buy into the idea without critically engaging with it a lot. There’s some really, really good critiques out there of his book because it’s not great and not very accurate. It cherry picks some pieces of research to support the argument that he wanted to make from the start.

And he doesn’t critically engage with the research at all, which is really disappointing for someone who’s supposed to be a psychologist. But a lot of people just buy into that idea that, of course, it must be problematic. And because there’s so much media reporting around the idea that social media in particular or screen time is problematic, we start to believe that it is and project that onto our own behaviour and think that our behaviour must be bad and therefore we start feeling bad about it.

And so it’s just the whole thing is really, really frustrating and really problematic. But there are some very good people out there and there’s some very good people doing critiques of that kind of stuff. And so it’s one of the reasons why I do the media work that I do.

I mean, I find it quite fun and I enjoy it and I like communicating the research because we do all this research and people do all this research. And if it only stays in academic journals, it’s a little bit pointless because people don’t know what’s influencing their behaviour and help them understand their own behaviour. And so I like communicating it.

But part of my mission is to try and counteract some of the scaremongering and falsehoods that are out there as well. Do you think a lot of people go searching for that information in terms of cognitive bias or not necessarily searching for it, but only really consume the media that is feeding into their cognitive bias of, say, screen time is really bad for children or gaming. Yeah.

More children are going to shoot up their friends. I think it’s so it’s there’s a lot of factors there. So the media is more likely to report on something that’s shocking or that they can make a good headline out of.

So they don’t report on the findings where technology doesn’t seem to have any negative effect on kids because that’s not a very exciting headline. They report in the ones where somebody finds that it does. And then those headlines are more dramatic.

So they catch people’s attention more. And so they’re more likely to click on them. So there’s a few factors.

It’s not just that people are looking for that information, but they also do. There is a bit of cognitive bias there of clicking on things and believing in things that support your own view. And I know when I have done some media stuff, some of the comments I’ve gotten afterwards where I’ve talked about the research and even on my audio book, there’s a couple of reviews where I talk about the research and how most people are fine.

And some of the comments will be, well, clearly that’s not the case. I’m like, I’m telling you what the research suggests, that people are actually mostly fine, but people don’t want to hear us. Some people really want to believe that it must be bad for us.

And I think there’s there are loads of problems with the online world. Like, from my perspective, I would be really happy to find out that this thing isn’t necessarily a big problem. We can focus on this other thing that is a really big problem, like children being exploited, sexually exploited online.

Huge problem. So let’s focus on that rather than kids gaming with their friends, you know, rather than kind of creating a moral panic about all of it. Let’s look at the stuff that actually is a problem and try and focus on that.

But people, some people just don’t want to know. But then I do webinars and seminars with parents or with groups like the one of the health trusts in Northern Ireland. I did some seminars with them and people are often relieved.

Parents and caregivers are often relieved to find out that it’s not everything is not terrible. There are some things to look out for. There are some problems.

Cyberbullying is a problem, but it’s not every single thing that their kid’s doing. If their kid has a phone in their hand, it doesn’t mean the end of the world. And so people are quite relieved to find that out for the most part.

Do you think parents and educators need to be slightly educated a bit more about the impacts of technology? Do you think or do you think they have bought into the media hype around the bad or the negative effects of technology and they actually need to be almost re-educated in a way in terms of giving them the cyber story and giving them a proper balance? Yeah, and I think it’s not their fault. You know, we say bought into it’s what they’re doing. But what they see, they often aren’t getting a contrasting view.

And so they’re and they’re being presented it by someone like Haidt, who is a psychologist. They think that should be reliable information and it’s unfortunately not. And so it’s hard for people who aren’t in the field to pull it apart and understand that that person isn’t really constructively looking at the research and presenting something unbiased.

He’s telling a good story and it’s a compelling story. And so you can understand why people do buy into it. I think a lot of parents are relieved to get education about it and understand that it’s not such a problem.

Getting that education out to parents is quite difficult. And again, it’s one of the reasons I do media stuff. It’s one of the reasons why I did the book.

But even trying to get that to people can be quite difficult and to spread the word about it. It’s kind of a bit of a problem because we don’t have the same reach as the newspapers and the media and television programs and so on. Exactly.

We will continue to fight the fight. Exactly. And spread the word.

So you do a lot of talks and a lot of media interviews. What are the things that you focus on and what are you wanting to do going forward or hoping to do going forward? So I talk about a lot of different areas, which is unusual. I would typically have tried to stay in my own lane, my own research area, which, of course, is a lot of online dating, online communication, relationships and technology, things like that.

But because I teach across a broad area and oftentimes the media will come to me about stuff that I teach about, but isn’t my research area, the segments tend to be quite short. So it’s kind of surface level. And so if it’s a much bigger, deeper thing, I tend not to do it if it’s not in my area.

But I talk about a lot of different things. So I do talks for companies. I do media stuff and I’ll talk about general cyber psychology topics like, you know, who we are online, why we behave the way we do online, things like disinhibition, toxic behavior, harassment, trolling.

I’ll talk about how we present ourselves, how we communicate. I’ll also do quite quite a few of my talks are about well-being and social media, well-being and screen time, sometimes in the context of kids, sometimes both adults and kids. I also talk a bit about cybersecurity.

So things like the psychological reasons behind why we fall for phishing and scams and stuff like that, because that’s another one that I think the public can only benefit from having education around why that happens. And I think it’s quite important. So, yeah, I also talk a bit about the psychology of UX and how cyber psychology relates to UX.

So quite a few different areas. And I love doing those things. I love all of them, the media, the public talks, the company talks, everything like that.

I just find it really, really fun to do because it is, again, getting another audience to hear about all the exciting stuff in cyber psychology. And I love to talk about cyber psychology. So if somebody wants me to, I’m always open to that.

But, yeah, I think just a lot of different areas. But I specifically love talking about online dating and technology and relationships, which I sometimes get to do, but not as much for company talks. I have done one or two, which were quite fun, but that’s more media stuff.

Generally. So if a company wants to bring you in to do a talk for them, how do they get in touch with you? Is it through LinkedIn the best way to get in touch with you or through Twitter or? LinkedIn or my website. So my website has a lot of kind of what I do, what I’m able to do.

So a lot of TV clips, radio clips, all that kind of stuff. So things that I have done in the past. LinkedIn, I’m not a massive fan of LinkedIn, but I do check it because I have to.

And Twitter, I used to be on there a lot and I’m not so much anymore. But you can find me through any of them. I will always check them.

But any of those means are a way to get me. But my website has a lot of kind of information about how to get in touch and what kind of things I do. OK, and are you able to specialise or customise your presentations and talks for companies if they say we’d really love you to talk about this? Yeah, absolutely.

Yeah. Within the realms of what I’m experienced at. Yeah.

But yeah, absolutely. I’ve done that quite a lot. And you are planning on starting a podcast.

Tell us about that. So it very much comes from the same place as the motivation for the book, which is counteracting those narratives that are out there and communicating the fascinating research that’s being done in cyber psychology. So we don’t have a title for it yet.

We’ve been brainstorming, have come up with a couple of really nice ideas that I’m brainstorming about at the moment. The I think it’ll probably launch in the summer. We’re kind of in the planning discussion stages at the moment.

So it’s going to be myself and my co-host, Dr. Liam Chaloner, who is a lecturer in IADT as well, who’s going to be taking over for me as the programme chair of the Masters next year. He’s a fantastic researcher, fantastic lecturer. So it’s going to be great having the two of us doing it.

And we are going to delve into a lot of those topics that people are interested in, worried about. And I’m hoping that we can also integrate people, people’s voices into it as well. So get people to share their experiences, ask questions, etc.

and as part of it as well. So it won’t be a kind of a guest based podcast. We may occasionally have guests if somebody really interesting is around, but it’ll be more of a sharing the research.

So I have some favourite podcasts that I absolutely love, which aren’t on cyber psychology topics at all because there’s very little out there. But there’s one called Maintenance Phase and another one called If Books Could Kill. And I love the format of having two presenters and one researches something and presents it to the other presenter and they have a conversation around it.

I find it really engaging and they really get into the nitty gritty of the research. And I find that really fun. So the audience is me and people like me.

The audience is people who are interested in cyber psychology. Again, that idea of people who are curious about why we behave the way we do, what the research tells us about how technology’s impacted on us, all of those kinds of things. That sounds fascinating because it’s all those little questions and especially talking with another cyber psychologist, you can ask those very specific questions that really bring up the nuances of what that means for the general public.

That’s very exciting. I’ll definitely link to that as soon as it’s out. Well done on doing that.

Well, we haven’t we haven’t done it yet. But yeah, it takes time. I found it took ages for me to build up enough courage to actually get to the point of doing it.

And it’s just putting yourself out there is the first step. And even think about it’s the first step. I’m doing a really interesting course at the moment in IDT.

It’s a certificate in radio and podcast production. And that’s given me so many ideas about how to go about it and what kind of things to integrate and how to do the production and everything. So that’s been really great as well.

Is there anything else that you want to chat about that you find really fascinating and haven’t we haven’t covered yet? There’s so much about cyber psychology that I find fascinating, but we don’t have time to cover all of it. I think they’re the main things like my research, what we teach, the kind of reasons why I get into communicating all of this. And I think they’re all the core things.

I think if I get into talking about another subject that I’m interested in, we could be here for another hour. Which would be great for me. We’ve got things to do.

And that’s outside of you, the audible book you’ve done, what is the one book that you would recommend to other people to listen to or read right now? Can I recommend two? Yes, you can. I can’t choose between the two. OK, so there are two very different kinds of books.

The first one is a textbook and it’s an introductory text to cyber psychology called an introduction to cyber psychology. And the second edition just came out a few weeks ago, just before Easter. And it’s all written by lecturers in IDT or lecturers who were lecturers in IDT.

But it is kind of the core textbook. It’s a BPS core textbook. It’s really, really, really excellent.

So I highly recommend that for someone who wants to read more about the academic side and the research side of it. For people who don’t read an academic textbook. Pete Etchell just released a new book just before Easter called Unlocked.

And it is fantastic. And I cannot recommend it highly enough. I have the printed book behind me, but I also listened to it on Audible because that’s how I absorb most of my information at the moment.

And it is so, so good. It is the book that I would have liked to have written. It’s fantastic.

So it gets into the idea of screen time, the problems of conceptualizing screen time the way that it is in research and in conversation. Looking at the idea of addiction and whether or not we’re addicted to things. Looking at gaming, looking at so many different aspects, distraction, the idea that our attention span is reducing and looking at the good quality research on those and pulling those concepts apart.

And it’s very reassuring, you know, because the research isn’t terrible about most of these things. Most stuff is actually fine. So it’s really excellent.

Cannot recommend it enough. That’s definitely my next Audible purchase. Next month, ironing.

You’ll really enjoy it, I think. Nicola, thank you so much for all your time and all the insights and you just doing the most fascinating things in cyber psychology. And thank you so much for everything you’ve shared.

And we’ll be linking to all your podcasts and any books, all the books you’ve written and all the talks that you’ve done in the past on our YouTube channel and all social media posts. But thank you very much for joining us on Confessions of a Cyber Psychologist. Thank you very much for having me here.

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The Anxious Generation Page Header

The Anxious Generation – Jonathan Haidt

Jonathan Haidt is a social psychologist.

This is different from a CyberPsychologist, in that social psychology takes a broader view of issues (including digital technology) that may or may not affect a collective group of similar people within an environment or context.

A CyberPsychologist will focus more on the individual level of how a person (who has specific traits that are similar to traits others have) interacts with and is impacted by various types of digital technology. 

There are likely to be a number of CyberPsychologists who will disagree with a lot of the concepts, propositions and conclusions within this book. I would suggest that this is partly because the worldview and direction of study differs quite substantially, but also partly because he has not focussed on Digital Technology as his primary psychology speciality.

For those who do disagree with his approach to, and misreading of, the data the suggestion is that he is cherry picking research that fits his theories while ignoring research that contradicts it. Correlation does not imply causation.

Being a relatively new research area, there are many nuances, subtleties and new findings in CyberPsychology that a social scientist may not take into account when diving into these topics. 

I don’t agree with everything he lays out in this book. He seems to veer off the main topic on several occasions, creating a few tenuous links back to his topic or argument. Additionally, some of his explanations are based on his very specific worldview that does not necessarily link back to other research. It seems a one-sided argument, that does not consider or weigh up other contradictory evidence.

However, he does present a number of compelling arguments and data to the reader that showcases a correlation between the launch of smartphones / social media and the increase in mental health conditions amongst teens in the last few decades. 

  • He talks through how the role ‘helicopter parenting’ has delayed the development of a sense of independence amongst teens and how the fear of real-world dangers has played into parents giving their children smartphones at a younger and younger age. 
  • He includes how Big Tech exploits very specific developmental stages and present the case of how different online elements affect teenage girls and teenage boys differently. 
  • He finishes by providing a number of suggested solutions for parents, schools and institutions and how we may be able to reverse the social trends we are witnessing amongst younger children.

Although the book is written for a USA audience, and based a mostly on data and research from the US, the theories and solutions he presents are still mostly relevant for other English speaking Western audiences.

Whether you agree or disagree with Mr Haidt on the issues and solutions he presents in his book, it is still worth a read. But, like any argument, it is always worth balancing it with those who have an alternative perspective on the same issues around how Big Tech, smartphones and social media may be influencing us and our teens.

We still have so much to learn about the longer-term impact of Digital Technology on human behaviour and psychology, especially amongst children, but we also know more than we did a decade ago. 

You can read a review in favour of his book in The Atlantic here, and a critique of his theories, research and book in The Daily Beast here.

Below are a few interviews Jonathan Haidt has conducted explaining more about the theories, concepts and solutions he presents throughout his book.

About Jonathan Haidt:

Jonathan Haidt is a social psychologist and the Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University’s Stern School of Business.

He is the author of The Happiness Hypothesis, The Righteous Mind and co-author of The Coddling of the American Mind.

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Slow Productivity – Cal Newport

In his book Slow Productivity, Cal Newport makes a convincing argument that we need to slow down, rather than speed up if we are to become more usefully productive. 

He does a deep-dive into how we got to the place of what he refers to as ‘pseudo-productivity – The use of visible activity as the primary means of approximating actual productive effort‘ in a knowledge-work context and how this is leading to burnout. 

This is especially relevant in the context of remote and hybrid workers, where productivity signalling is needed to showcase levels of busyness and relevance within a job role. 

The premise of this book is for knowledge workers to be less focused on producing lower-value knowledge widgets – juggling emails, messages, etc to feel more ‘productive’ and get more items ticked off the To-Do List. He suggests we spend more time engaging in deeper work that produces greater value knowledge products and output over an extended period. 

This logic is counter-intuitive for today’s fast-paced DigiTech-driven transaction-based business culture; where employees are mostly just a number and an individual career is more about transferable professional skills than staying with one company for extended periods. 

Maybe it’s time to shift our business culture to a more sustainable, more value-driven one of Slow Productivity.

Cal’s logic is sound and this way of operating within a business environment (whether employed or self-employed) along with the skills we should develop from his previous book Deep Work will give those who embrace these philosophies a strategic and tactical advantage over the prevailing shallower focussed skillset of the majority of knowledge workers.

About Cal Newport:

Cal Newport is an associate professor of computer science at Georgetown University, USA. He has published a number of non-fiction books and conducts a lot of research on the interaction of humans and technology. 

You can find out more about him on his website.

Linda Kaye

Dr Linda Kaye | Ep 2

Watch or listen:
Why we really use emoji in our messages.

We chat with Dr Linda Kaye about the fascinating world of Emoji and their role in digital communication. Dr Kaye delves into why we use Emoji, how they shape the tone and interpretation of our messages, and their influence on the people receiving them. She also shares insights into her Introductory book on Cyberpsychology and how she feels the mass media interpretation of academic findings is improving.

Connect with the guests
Dr Linda Kaye

Dr Linda Kaye specialises in Social Inclusion and Wellbeing, particularly: How we can use online settings to promote social inclusion and well-being.

You can read more about her here.

Also known as ‘The Cyber Doctor’, Dr Kaye is available as a consultant to industry and a speaker. 

Find out more about her on her website The Cyber Doctor.

Connect on Social Media :

In the second episode of Confessions of a Cyberpsychologist, we dive deep into the fascinating world of cyberpsychology with Dr Linda Kaye, Associate Head of Psychology at Edge Hill University. Dr Kaye, a founding member of the British Psychological Society’s Cyberpsychology Section and keynote speaker at the upcoming 2024 Cyberpsychology Conference. She shares her insights and experiences in this growing field.

Finding Her Cyberpsychology Path

Dr Kaye’s journey into cyberpsychology began during her PhD research on the psychological experiences of video games. Struggling to find her academic community, she discovered cyberpsychology—a field that connected her to like-minded researchers. This sense of belonging inspired her to further explore the discipline, contributing to its growth as a recognised branch of psychology.

Building the Cyberpsychology Community

Dr Kaye recounts the 2018 establishment of the British Psychological Society’s Cyberpsychology Section. Alongside Dr Alison Attrill-Smith, Dr Chris Fullwood and Dr Simon Bignell, Dr Kaye was part of the founding members of the BPS CyberPsychology section (recognised by the BPS in 2018).

A Look Ahead to the Cyberpsychology Conference

As keynote speaker for the upcoming 2024 Cyberpsychology conference in Liverpool, Dr Kaye will address “What Cyberpsychology Can Tell Us About the Digitally Connected Human Experience.” Her talk promises a broad exploration of how digital technologies shape our interactions, behaviours, and emotions, while reflecting on future research directions and challenges.

Emojis, Behaviour, and the Human Experience

Dr Kaye delves into her pioneering research on emojis and her Ted Talk on what our Emoji use says about us and what she is researching now on the cognitive impact of receiving an emoji. Her research explores their role in communication and emotional expression. Initially focused on personality judgments based on emoji use, her current studies investigate how people cognitively process and interpret emojis. This shift highlights the nuanced ways emojis function as social tools, revealing generational, cultural, and individual differences in usage and interpretation.

Beyond Emojis: Exploring Social Media and Technology Acceptance

Dr Kaye’s research interests extend to understanding specific social media behaviours and their psychological drivers. She is also investigating technology acceptance in organisational settings, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical models and practical applications in industry. Her research findings are being used practically in the business HR context (Net Emotion Index) and in Digital Marketing.

Making Cyberpsychology Accessible

Her book, Issues and Debates in Cyberpsychology (written during Lockdown), addresses pressing topics like screen time and social media’s impact on well-being, offering a balanced, evidence-based perspective. Accompanying resources like video summaries further enhance accessibility for students, professionals, and the general public.

Opportunities for Students and Enthusiasts

Edge Hill University offers a Psychology undergrad. Students can also engage in research internships at the Cyberpsychology research lab with Dr Linda Kaye. For aspiring cyberpsychologists, she highlights the vast potential of the discipline to explore uncharted territory in how humans interact with technology.

Podcast Transcript

(Transcript generated directly from podcast audio using TurboScribe, and not manually corrected for transcribing errors).

Welcome to episode two of Confessions of a Cyberpsychologist. Today we are chatting to Linda Kay, Dr. Linda Kay, who is Associate Head of Psychology at Edge Hill University. And Dr. Linda Kay, we’ll be talking about later, is one of the founding members of the British Psychology Society’s Cyberpsychology section, and also the keynote speaker at the 2024 Cyberpsychology Conference, which we’ll also be touching on.

Welcome Dr. Linda Kay to Confessions of a Cyberpsychologist. We’re delighted to have you on board. Thank you.

Thank you for inviting me. I’m really looking forward to having a bit of a chat. Excellent.

It’s always a delight chatting to you. Linda, I just want to get a bit of background from you in terms of where you’ve come from and what that pivot point for you was in terms of your passion for cyberpsychology. Yeah, I mean, I just, like a lot of people, I did an undergraduate psychology degree, which was just a normal sort of standard BSc route.

And I actually kind of fell into cyberpsychology really, it was when I started my PhD, which was just on the topic of sort of the psychological experiences of video games, broadly. And it was from finding, trying to find conferences to go to that I then saw this term cyberpsychology and thought, oh, that sounds exciting, and realised there was actually a community that my research fit into. Because I think a lot of people who do cyberpsychology research tend to find that the university they might be studying it at, they might be the one, one of the only people in their department who might be studying it and feel a little bit isolated.

And so it’s nice to kind of have a collection of people who were doing things that, you know, were similar to me, or at least in the same sort of field to me. So yeah, it was very much falling into it. So the pivot for me was just finding my people, which is always nice.

And recognising that there was a broader kind of field to what I was doing. Yeah, absolutely. It’s like finding your tribe, people who you can connect with on the deep level of passion.

Yeah, definitely. And I think that’s always lovely about the cyberpsychology community is that it genuinely is a really supportive, friendly community. And we certainly experienced that at our own conferences in the cyberpsychology section.

And we get a lot of really positive feedback on that. So it’s really, really lovely to have a great community. Yeah.

And especially because they, throughout the UK to come together at something like a conference is an amazing thing. Yeah, I mean, for me, it’s like the thing to look forward to every year is the conference. And certainly it’s, I know, it’s useful for me kind of making sure I get stuff done.

So I’ve got stuff I can present. So it’s good to keep me on sort of time track. So I’ve got something exciting that is something new that is ready to share.

So that’s always good in terms of managing projects and things from that perspective. Exactly. In terms of the cyberpsychology community, you were instrumental or part of the founding members of the British Psychology Society cyberpsychology section.

That’s a lot to say in a mouthful. Yeah, we need an acronym. So tell me about that.

How did it start kind of getting to the point where you’ve actually launched this whole section? And that was in 2018, I think it was recognised and officially became a section. Yes, that’s right. Yeah.

So yeah, 2018 was our official kind of birth, so to speak, as a section in the BPS. And yeah, I mean, it’s myself and it was Dr Alison Axel Smith, and that’s Chris Fullwood and Dr Simon Bignell, who were the sort of four founding members, really. We sort of took this forward alongside a few other people who were part of a wider sort of steering group.

And it came about as part of a roundtable discussion at one of the kind of previous conference series that a lot of us used to go to. University of Wolverhampton used to do a lot of conferences and host a lot in their network there. So it’s part of a roundtable discussion.

And there was this general appreciation that it would be a useful thing to do. There were enough of us, enough interest, and why not have it recognised more officially as a sort of discipline of psychology. So it’s that really, that stimulated the movement of that.

And then it involved a whole load of putting together proposals to the BPS and going to their research board and defending the proposal. And it got a lot of support from the BPS. We didn’t come under much opposition, which is great because we’ve got a lot of effort and time into the proposal.

And then it just involved the official processes of the BPS, like member approvals and voting and all that kind of stuff. And then, you know, that was several years in the making. It’s really fantastic to see that it is now recognised and that the community just continues to be abused and to grow.

And grow and grow and grow. Yeah. And then so you, keynote speaker of this year’s 2024 Cyberpsychology Conference.

So tell us about that and what’s kind of generally, because it’s the title you’ve got is What Cyberpsychology Can Tell Us About the Digitally Connected Human Experience. That sounds really exciting and fascinating. I hope it is.

Hopefully one day. Yeah, so I was really, really looking forward and really grateful to be invited, actually, to keynote at it. It was a lovely surprise to get in my inbox.

And so, yeah, the kind of idea was, I keep sort of using this term, digitally connected human experience. And I think there’s something really intriguing about that as a term. And I kind of think, you know, it helps us recognise that, you know, as psychologists, the human experience is a kind of essence, really, of what we’re interested in.

And actually, what does that look like? How is it different? What are the kind of nuances of it when we are in a digitally connected world? So it’s trying to sort of do a bit more of a kind of bird’s eye view, I guess, of cyberpsychology as a whole. I do, I am intending to draw on very specific kind of insights from my own research, because anyhow, it’s always just nice to be able to do and, you know, I want to be able to talk about something I actually know about, which sounds good. But yeah, I thought it’s a keynote, it’s a nice opportunity to kind of do that kind of a sweep, I guess, and where are we up to? And where do we want to go? And what are the kind of interesting things we could get even more curious about? And what do we need to discover more? So it’s sort of a bit of a kind of a checkpoint, really, for me as well.

I find doing things like keynotes are a great way of helping me consolidate my own thinking of what my thoughts are. And so it’s useful for that as well. Absolutely.

And when is the conference? So the conference is taking place on the first and second of July 2024. And it’s great for me this year, because it’s really local, it’s Liverpool, it’s being hosted at Liverpool John Moores University. And so, but we do have people all over the country who come and attend it and also some international colleagues as well.

And so yeah, the abstract deadline is actually still open. It’s open until the 5th of April. And actually, I’ve just seen on the websites, that actually there is an extended deadline as well to the 12th of April.

So if you’ve not quite got anything ready, you’ve got a little bit of grace period there. And then registration will then open thereafter. Okay.

So if someone wants to come along, do they have to be a cyberpsychologist? Or can there be anyone who’s just kind of fascinated and wants to know more? And if they do, how long do they have before they need to, before the final registration ends? Yes, that’s a good question. I mean, I’m also, I think it’s nice that, you know, anybody who’s enthusiastic about cyberpsychology can come. Anybody who isn’t necessarily wanting to present anything, you know, the registration is open to not just to members of cyberpsychology section, but much more broadly.

So the deadline for registration is the 17th of June. So there’s plenty of time to sort of be pondering whether you want to come along. In terms of if you wanted to present at it, then the submissions for abstracts do go through a review process, and it has to sort of meet particular kind of criteria.

So that will depend on the outcome of that review process. But essentially, anybody can register and attend, who might just have an interest. We have had the members of the press come along to conferences before, because they’ve seen something that has piqued their interest.

In terms of what you’ve done to kind of promote and talk more about cyberpsychology in general, you’ve done a TED talk. Tell us about that. Yeah, that was a while ago now.

That was in 2017, I think. So yeah, that was that was a very random email to get. The email to actually went to my junk folder, so I actually missed it for ages, but it was a good job I seriously checked my junk folder.

But it wasn’t junk, it was genuine. Yeah, so that was the TEDx Vienna, which was lovely, because we went to this theatre, which is a beautiful venue. And that was all about the what are emojis? I can’t remember the title.

What do I remember to say about you? I think this is the title. Yeah, it is. What can you tell about people’s personality from their emojis? And that was a really good experience.

It was really exciting. And something else which is really nice about TEDx is you have a general theme of the conference, but everybody’s from very different disciplines. But you do become a bit like a family because you spend a few days with people.

And it’s really nice, again, as another opportunity to talk about your ideas and research to wider audiences and people who might not necessarily know about cyberpsychology. So it’s great. Have you done any more research on emojis? Yeah, so doing a lot of research on emoji and actually the focus of that has changed actually a little bit and evolved over time.

So the previous work and the work that I presented at TEDx was based on our research more about the sort of personality judgment angle on that. So what we can tell about people when we’re in a social kind of interactional context. And the more recent research and a lot of the program research got kind of mapped out now is more about how we process emoji.

So it’s a bit more kind of what the cognitive processes are when we’re kind of on the emotion recognition of them. And how do we kind of what’s the sort of sensory and visual and those kind of processes. So it’s a lot more cognitive.

But it’s really interesting and I’m delving into areas of the literature in different disciplines that I haven’t done for a long time. So it’s really nice to continue to learn and apply really interesting approaches and experiments or paradigms and things to study this. And it’s really intriguing to me that nobody’s really done the kind of things I’m thinking about, which seems a bit weird, because they seem quite obvious things.

But unless I’ve missed something. So yeah, it’s an exciting area to be in. And what’s really good is to because it’s a lot of lab based studies, I can get students who are interested in cyberpsychology involved.

And they can work as paid research interns and actually learn about psychology, and then support with collecting data and meeting participants. And so it’s useful for both myself and my students. Yeah, I think that’s the great thing about cyberpsychology is there’s so many areas that haven’t been studied and haven’t been researched.

So to find to find something that you’re passionate about and not find anyone anyone’s done it before is actually relatively easy compared to the general psychology fields. And so for you studying emojis, it’s Yeah, it might just be that there just hasn’t been enough people who are fascinated by it, like you are. Possibly.

And I think the other thing is that, again, I think I’m kind of going to be reflecting a bit on this in my keynote talk is I think, sometimes there’s a lot of really useful, theoretical, and also areas of literature that exist that actually apply really closely to some of the things we’re interested in cyberpsychology. But actually, I don’t think we’re drawing on perhaps as much as we should do. So one of the particular limitations, I think, actually, generally, this is not specific to specific researchers, but as a general observation is, I think we tend to sort of try and start things from scratch and think, oh, yeah, we need a theory to explain that.

And so the theoretical foundations of a lot of cyberpsychology is a bit weak and a bit shaky. And but actually, there’s so many really useful frameworks in other related disciplines, sometimes even in other areas of psychology that actually apply, well, I think they apply really well. So if we use those, we’ve got a much stronger foundation.

So I think that’s the general observation. And so I think it’s the case that people who think of the kind of cyberpsychology angle and I’ve got these ideas, but just haven’t kind of made the connection with what kind of currently exists in other areas, maybe that might be why there’s areas that haven’t quite fully been explored yet. Yeah, absolutely.

Just going back to research. So in terms of your TEDx talk, what you it sounds to me is that the research you did before was how people use emojis to express themselves. And now it’s about how people receive those emojis and how that then resonates with them psychologically and cognitively.

So is that fair to say? Yes. Yeah, I think that’s it. So it’s sort of shifted from what the interpretations are about it in a social context.

Yes. And two more from a receiver’s point of view, how it actually is processed, not sort of in a communication context, but on a very kind of on that kind of automatic level. So looking at, you know, is it a kind of implicit judgment process or is it more explicit? So using different kind of measures to answer that question.

Yeah. So and just kind of taking your research out of the academic realm, how do you feel? How do you think people who are not academics will be able to use your research and your findings in a way that will benefit them? Do you think it’s for teachers, therapists, parents? Who do you think is going to really benefit most from what you’re finding out? Yeah, well, different ways, actually. I mean, I’m currently working with an organization called The Emolytics and they’re based in the US and they actually, I actually cooperate with somebody there and they actually are interested in the research and actually collaborated and published together because they use the insights on that to understand how we can use emoji or how different businesses can use emoji to understand net emotion index and sentiment of remote working and sort of well-being and the well-being metric of organizations.

So actually being used in a sort of organizational sort of context, which is something I would never really thought about. And so, again, that’s useful when people kind of approach you and say, I’ve got this particular thing and I think this could be relevant. Oh, glad you’ve made that connection because I haven’t.

And so in that context, I think, and I can see a lot of scope there. So something else I’m sort of interested in at the moment is looking at how we might experience emoji in terms of do we feel like we approach or withdraw? So again, there’s interesting frameworks in psychology about that idea of approach and withdraw and from a kind of emotion point of view. So we’re more drawn to positive emotion, more likely to inhibit a negative.

So I’m kind of interested in that. So I think from a digital marketing perspective, what’s interesting is how that might relate to brand and perception and engagement. Yeah, that kind of thing.

That’s what I’m kind of thinking. So, yeah, I think it can be kind of applied to those sorts of contexts as well. So that’s fascinating.

So it’s almost narrative psychology, but from an emoji perspective. I don’t know what narrative psychology is. So it’s about the words we use to describe what we’re going through and using different words that mean different things and how that then really gives a good indication of where we’re at.

Yes, I guess that’s quite a nice summary, actually. Yeah. And I think what’s what’s interesting about emoji and what we have to be careful of is we tend to have this assumption that emoji are a universal language and I would tend to disagree with that because we don’t seem to, from one hand, we don’t seem to process them emotionally on a kind of implicit level.

So there is a kind of evaluation process that goes on. And what the implication of that is, is that we have different interpretations of the same emoji so that we have diverse ways that we label them and use them in different contexts. So when we get kind of a narrative psychology point of view, I think it’s interesting that we don’t all share a narrative that there are differences.

So, yeah, I think that’s a really important caveat of this kind of emoji research. So from a generational perspective, do you think that there’s a difference? Because older generations won’t, I suspect, use emojis as much as younger generations. And there’s meaning attached to specific emojis that some people will understand and others won’t.

Is there this generational difference or is it more about a culture, a group context of what they talk about and how they speak? Yeah, I think it’s a mixture of things. I don’t think there’s a generational distinction. I think you sometimes see a bit of some kind of trends.

But definitely, I think it’s less about how much people use them, but the way they use them is very different. And again, we see that when we look at some gender differences. Again, it’s not the case that females use more emojis than men.

It’s more likely to use them for emotional expression than men. And men are more likely to use them for other punctuation or all that kind of stuff. So I think that there are distinctions, not necessarily always very clear cut.

But we do see trends about them being used in maybe different ways. And I think we also have to remember now the software has developed where we can have emojis reactions to messages. And again, that’s a sort of different way that we might use them.

Younger generations might be more likely to make more use of those as a substitute to written comments and things like that. So I think there’s kind of nuances on that. Never a clear answer is there.

I didn’t give a yes or no to your question. It was a defence. Yeah, that’s genuinely the answer in psychology.

It depends. There’s caveats. That’s interesting, though, that there’s now those reactions to a message because it kind of tells someone that you’ve read it and you and you acknowledge it.

But actually, you don’t have to go to the effort of replying and thinking through what the answer ought to be without offending or saying the wrong thing. Yeah, it’s really interesting because there’s actually a really kind of interesting sort of popular book called I think it’s called Metiquette. And it talks about what does a like actually mean and the different interpretations of that.

And I think that that’s the same for things like reactions is that sometimes it might just be an acknowledgement. Sometimes it might be. And that could, in some cases, just be very abrupt and could be interpreted as being a bit rude.

And other times it might just be, yeah, I’ve just not had time to play. I’m just saying I’ve seen it and I’m on it. So, yeah, I think again, it’s that, you know, is it universal when we have all these different contexts that affect how we make a judgment about what that means and also that people interpret things differently? Yeah.

And that even that’s fascinating, because even from my perspective, when I react to a text, I think people think the same as me with my reaction. Yeah. And they probably they possibly don’t think that’s rude rather than, oh, she’s seen it.

Yeah. And I’ve had this conversation before with somebody, I think there’s a, again, I’m not sure if it’s been done or not, but, you know, I think there’s a really interesting theory of mind kind of piece there about how do you use emoji based on what your understanding of another person’s appraisal is about how you’re using it. And then there’s an interesting sort of interaction that happens there.

And so I know there’s research that looks at the kind of mirroring of emoji. And I know just anecdotally, I do that myself, people who don’t use them much, I don’t use them much with. If I know somebody uses this emoji a lot, I might be more likely to use it.

So there’s a really interesting interactional kind of thing that goes on there. But yeah, definitely, there’s something interesting about how we use them and interpret them based on our own kind of construct of what things mean. That’s just this is why I love cyberpsychology.

There’s so many fascinating things you don’t think about and suddenly you go, oh. No, actually, this is a really nice example of why I really like doing these kinds of things, because I often am thinking out loud, and I think, you know, verbalize things that either have been kind of been pondering in there or things that I haven’t thought about before, and it’s just prompted you to think that it’s really useful. Yay!

Brilliant. Now, during lockdown, I know that you did a, wrote a book. You may or may not be able to see this, but I’ll put a link to it in the chat.

Issues and Debates in Cyberpsychology. So what started this whole process of writing this book on your own and getting it published? Well, first I was invited to write it, so that’s always good. And it came actually at a really good time.

Well, two reasons for the time being, actually in retrospect, it was very useful. One is that I think I was at a point where I was thinking about a lot of different things in kind of isolation of each other and didn’t have that opportunity to kind of bring them together. And as I was sort of saying earlier, again, a good value for me for doing things like keynote talks is that it helps me do that bird’s eye view of things.

So actually it was really useful. It was at a point where I thought I really need to piece these things together in my head. And actually, for me, writing things really helps me do that.

And I do find I think three things better when I write things out. Yes, I might just read it all. I don’t know, but I just haven’t.

That’s really useful. I get birds. OK.

So it seemed like a really good point in time to do it from a kind of career perspective. And I had a chat with a few colleagues, senior colleagues, and they said, yeah, I think it’s a good point in your career to be a named author on a book. This can be helpful.

So I don’t know how familiar you are with academia, but certainly psychology. So research papers rather than books tend to be kind of rated the kind of esteem and higher esteem in books. But yeah, it seemed like a good thing to do because of that.

And as well as that kind of looking back retrospectively, it was just coincidence that I felt aligned with the time where we were experiencing a lot of lockdowns. And honestly, I think it was probably one of my saving graces. Yeah, I think a lot of people experience a lot of, you know, isolation and, you know, that kind of thing.

But it just it was a challenge for me to just just kind of get, you know, articulate things. And so I think kind of looking back, it was kind of good that it happened during that time as well. Yeah, it’s a fascinating book.

I just thoroughly enjoyed reading. I was like, oh, yes, I didn’t know that. Oh, that’s amazing.

So who is the who do you think is the right for the people who would be really interested in this book and go, yeah, you really need to read this? Is it people who are starting off in an undergrad or is it just a general knowledge book? What what do you think is a good type of person to pick it up? Yeah, I mean, I think it kind of applies quite quite well to lots of different audiences. I think certainly it’s it’s one of the key texts on one of the modules I do on cyberpsychology, and I’m actually now situated the module. So it is more aligned to the kind of themes of the book.

So it speaks a bit more directly. So that’s also helpful for me and my teaching to kind of just kind of review that. But actually, I think my main reason for doing it was actually probably more targeted towards media commentators, journalists, because often, a lot of people who work in cyberpsychology, myself included, get a lot of requests for comments on things that relate to popular debates about things like screen time or social media wellbeing, that kind of thing.

So actually having a book that situates the evidence around those sort of debates, I thought was a helpful way of framing it, rather than just there’s a book on this, and it’s let’s weigh up this and come to some kind of informed conclusion. So I think from that perspective, that in my head, I sort of thinking about future Linda, and this might rectify and give people the kind of answers that might be useful. But yeah, I think students, but also general public, is accessible enough for public audiences as well.

Yeah, I think it’s accessible enough for public audiences. It does, it’s kind of quite an academic style of writing, but that’s because you are an academic. So it’s kind of naturally, but it is, I think what’s really great about it is it’s very readable and very consumable by someone who doesn’t have a background in academics or cyber psychology.

So it is, it’s, and it’s, it’s not a long book. And that in the nicest possible way. I don’t think I could have written anymore.

Yeah, no, I thought actually when it comes to physical copies, that’s, that’s quite nice, actually, it’s just a little adjustable. Yeah, it’s something that’s easily read within a week, over a few cups of coffee. Okay, that’s good to know.

Yeah. Yeah. And just still so rich with information.

And just talking about journalists, because you said you said a lot of journalists contact academia, do you find that often journalists or the mass media misrepresents the information that academics do find and do write about in the papers that they publish? Or do you think they generally are getting it sort of okay, right? Things seem to be improving, I’d say. Sorry, it’s another it depends answer. Yeah, I worked with some very, very good journalists who didn’t, who used to take a lot of time to speak with experts who do their own research, who do a really good job of representing the kind of where the science is at.

And I’m not saying that’s always the case. It does, to some extent, depend on the particular news outlet they’re representing, not to name anyone in particular. And so I don’t engage with them, because I don’t agree with the way that they do journalism.

And certainly people I’ve worked with have done a really good job at being able to represent. And I think this often the kind of default mode is, let’s, let’s kind of panic a bit about these kind of things. But actually, I have seen an improvement in, but to be honest, what can be represented in the media can only be based on the quality of the science that exists.

And I think part of the ongoing challenge we have in cyberpsychology, and I know there are a lot of other scholars who experience this as well, is that we we’re constantly battling against ourselves, and where we have very different sort of philosophical views about technology. And when there’s so much contrasting opinion perspective in the discipline itself, and that really doesn’t help journalists try and understand where you’ve got these very different views, where do you find the kind of synergy of that and the kind of the agreed consensus points, because there are very many. So I actually don’t blame journalists, to be honest, because it’s a bit of a, a bit of a mismatch of evidence.

Yeah, so I think, I think there’s a learning point there about what the discipline itself can do to support itself to then be represented better. But there are, there are a lot of tremendous efforts from really good groups of research groups of people who are really trying to rectify that. And I know, you know, colleagues are involved in that kind of a really high level, government level of informing policy, and that it is the right people who are doing that, who are doing the good science.

So that’s always really encouraging, and that kind of reassures me a bit. Yeah, that is encouraging for me too, because I, I often talk to cyber psychologists who are so frustrated at what’s coming out of, in the mass media, the clickbaits and the, it’s all about getting, or it seems to be all about getting eyeball attention rather than decent science. So it’s so refreshing, so good to hear that that’s been done by great academics.

And there are a lot of, or there are quite a lot of good academics, really great academics in psychology. They are, and they also do a lot of work on the kind of public facing stuff. So one that comes to mind is the Oxford Internet Institute, and they, I actually saw the other day they were actually advertising for somebody to do the kind of public mass media kind of facing stuff.

So they’re investing a lot of resource in, in understanding why it’s important to be disseminating the research and making it available in a format that’s accessible. So that’s really good to see there’s a kind of investment there. That’s amazing.

Really, really good news. So you’re researching emojis. What else are you researching? Is there anything else that you find really fascinating that you’re diving into? A few of the bits and bobs.

I think my problem has always been I’m a bit of a magpie. I just think, oh, that’s exciting. I’ll do that and end up being way too broad.

Emoji stuff is always kind of very central and where the kind of very rigorous academic stuff comes in. But I’m also interested in understanding social media behaviours, a bit more collaborative colleagues at Aston University on this. And we talk about social media use and that isn’t.

I don’t really know what that means. That can mean a lot of things. So, yeah, and then people thought, well, you know, we can then talk about active use and passive use and that still doesn’t quite help me understand what that is.

So, yeah, looking more intricately at what the nature of different specific behaviours are that one can use. And it’s really interesting to me. And I’d love to do more research to look at how that specific types of behaviours change over time and context.

So doing some momentary sort of assessments that looks at the mood drivers or the context drivers about why you might do certain types of behaviour at different points in the day or whatever. And I think there’s an interest in that. And so, yeah, I’m trying to scrutinise that a bit more and understand that because essentially as a psychologist, I’m interested in behaviour and I want to understand what those behaviours are and what I’d be psychologically interested in that.

So, yeah, so I’m doing stuff on that as well. Other things, my friend, more industry sort of kind of work, collaborating in a very early stage of getting proposals together on thinking about drivers of technology acceptance in industry. So how we can support technology diffusion and implementation.

So, again, drawing on what we know from technology integration models and technology acceptance literature there. I think there’s some interesting work there to do as well, but that’s in very early stages. And you’ve also spoken about students who get involved with your research.

So tell me more about that. If someone wants to know more about cyberpsychology or get an undergrad with some experience in that, what kind of things do you get students involved with that will give them that experience? Yes, so at HCL, we have a really great paid research internship scheme. So that’s where our second year students and those who are on our masters conversion course can apply to be basically a research assistant in the department to work with colleagues on my projects.

And so over many years, and we’ll continue to be doing this as long as the funding is available to do it, which looking like it might be next year, which is great, is to just advertise projects on Psychology Emoji. And then I’ve always been able to engage students on those projects. And they do a lot of really useful work to support my research, but also they learn about cyberpsychology on psychology, how to do psychology research, and, you know, by practically doing it, which is obviously useful from a learning perspective.

And so they can get involved in and actually the research itself in that way. And as a result, they then if we publish those papers, they then become co-authors, because it’s a valid contribution to the research, which is great for them as well. And as well as that, certainly at Edge Hill, we have the final year optional module, which is what I’ve done in cyberpsychology.

And, you know, that’s, it’s a really cool module, I’m obviously very biased, but I always get lots of positive feedback from it, students seem to really enjoy the module and just helps them have really discussions and answer questions that they’re interested in, and think about the applied nature of it and how it can translate into all sorts of different contexts. So yeah, so those are the ways certainly at Edge Hill that people can get involved in cyberpsychology. So if a parent is watching this, or one of the children, and they’re really fascinated with psychology, and want to get involved in cyberpsychology at some point, or think this is an area that they may be really interested in the future, how do they register for undergrad? And what kind of processes would they need to go through? Because it’s the academic year is still about six months away.

So how, what are the processes? Is it too late to apply? Or do they need to still do other stuff? Yeah, so usually undergraduate recruitment setting at the Edge Hill, it might differ, the universities go through the UCAS system. So it is too late for this coming academic year. So normally the UCAS deadline is usually end of January, sometime in January.

And so it will be too late for this coming academic year. But for September 2025 entry, I mean, we’re already thinking about 2025 entry, we’ve asked the inspectors and things. So it’s not, it’s not too far in advance for me to be thinking about that.

And then yeah, it will be a case of the application window would be opening, such as I guess from, you know, September to January this coming year. And so that would, that would be the time to be looking at options and applying. And is there anything else that you want to kind of chat about, or that we haven’t covered that you find completely fascinating about cyberpsychology, or someone who hasn’t really interested in cyberpsychology, who has no experience or understanding of it? Are there any things that you think actually they really need to know this? I think it’s what’s useful is that there’s a lot of really useful kind of accessible resources out there.

And it’s something I did alongside a book where some like what I call cyber bites, sort of videos, which are summarized with video summaries of each chapter. And I actually find that really useful, actually, on my cyberpsychology module as well to kind of give a kind of little bit of a trailer of particular issues. And so it kind of works quite nicely as a companion resource to the book, but also those can be watched and accessed just in isolation as well.

So, and there’s other kind of examples of resources about topics in cyberpsychology, you’ve got things like pieces for conversation that colleagues have written on topics related to that, those are really designed specifically for public audiences, and that kind of digest some of the issues and give an accessible summary of the kind of scientific evidence. And I think things like that, you know, there’s lots of examples of those that exist. And, and there are some as far as I’m aware, still some resources on BPS cyberpsychology section website as well.

So and on there, actually, what’s really good is BPS have actually been doing a series of careers in cyber psychology, which I know you’ll know about because you’ve done one for us, which is amazing. And those are really, really useful to give insights into how cyberpsychology is applied in different types of careers. And again, I think you’re a really good example of that it’s the kind of thing I wouldn’t again, naturally think about where cyberpsychology fits, but obviously does really well.

And so those are really good as well, careers in cyberpsychology series that our colleague on the committee, John Wife, has done a fantastic job at. Yes. And one final question, what is your favourite cyberpsychology book? There are a lot of really good resources out there.

And I think one of my favourite ones is possibly the introduction to cyberpsychology resource that was published and edited by colleagues at IADT over in Dunleary. They’ve just finished the second edition and it’s on my bookshelf. Yes, get it.

Actually, this one’s a BPS core textbook series as well, which is even better. But this one’s great. This is really comprehensive.

And I find it useful, again, to recommend to students. It’s very sort of accessible in terms of it breaks down a lot of the sort of very typical content areas in cyberpsychology. So I would always say that one’s a really good one.

And I do have a lot of fondness for that as well, because I was invited to write a forward for that one. And I originally launched the book on its first edition. So that was always really nice.

And, you know, the colleagues over there are really lovely and friendly. And yes, that was a good one. And in terms of that book, how is it different to the first edition? Are there new topics or is it just updated research? It’s a bit of a mixture.

So broadly, they’re just sort of updates. And there are a couple of new topics in there. I can’t remember now off the top of my head what they are, but definitely were some new sections in it.

But yes, there is a progression from the first one in terms of it has been updated, because obviously, the nature of cyberpsychology is research moves quite fast. So these things do need to be updated quite regularly. So, yeah.

Excellent. Because I bought the first one. So I’m like, oh, do I need to? Yes, I do need to buy the second one.

Possibly. I’ll double check which the topics are. I think I need to anyway, because it’s just always fascinating to get updated research, because as you say, it moves on so quickly and there’s always new technology coming up.

And so therefore new behaviours that we display and the way that we engage with technology changes over time as well. And a cultural shift changes. So you really do need to keep up to date with cyberpsychology information.

It’s not just, you know, it’s therefore done slightly different things like child development, for example. Yes, there’s new research, but it’s not as fast-paced, which is one of the exciting things about cyberpsychology. This is interesting.

Yeah, this is exciting. Sometimes I just think, you know, I need about five of me to be able to study all the things I’m interested in and keep up to the pace, which, again, is part of the problem. I think it’s been quite broad in the kind of things I’m interested in, because it’s very difficult to keep track of all the different advancements.

And even though they’re still all within the same field, it’s quite a task to do. So again, yeah, that’s a lesson to me to be a bit more focused. Brilliant.

Linda, it’s been a delight and a joy chatting to you, as it always is. And all the best with your preparation for the cyberpsychology conference. And yeah, I look forward to seeing you again soon.

Yeah, thank you. And thank you for joining us in episode two of Confessions of a Cyber Psychologist.

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Digital-Families

Digital families

The impact of childhood gadget use is a hot topic and often in the press.

Anecdotally, I am hearing a lot of parents’ stories about the negative impact they feel digital technology is having on their children’s emotions, self-esteem and psychological well-being. 

Simultaneously, parents are aware that their children not having a smartphone can be alienating for them at school and amongst their peer groups.

And it’s not just about ‘screen time’. It’s about their overall mobile phone reliance and behaviour.

Jonathan Haidt has just launched his new book, ‘The Anxious Generation‘, which is bound to be a fascinating read/listen, and is accompanied by a few interesting articles that summarise and discuss some of these issues.

An article in The Atlantic, by Jonathan Haidt himself, is available to read in The Atlantic and is calling for the immediate ending of phone-based childhood. The subtitle ‘The environment in which kids grow up today is hostile to human development’, provides interesting statistics and insights which are a prelude to the reading of his book.

A New Statesman article talks about, how there seems to be an increasing level of parental fear of physical danger in the real world (which has dropped steeply since the 1990s) and supply their school-going child with a smartphone ‘for physical safety reasons’. Simultaneously, parents underestimate the danger of releasing their children into the online world. Children also seem to be shifting from a state of high play time to high screen time, with teenage years being almost ubiquitously spent online.

The most impactful quote from this article is another argument for the need to restrict the use of phones in schools: “The value of phone-free and even screen-free education,” Haidt concludes, “can be seen in the choices that many tech executives make about the schools they send their children to, such as the Waldorf School of the Peninsula, where all digital devices – phones, laptops, tablets – are prohibited.” 

A Guardian article reviewing the book adds a bit of further insight: “Smartphones pull us away from our immediate surroundings and the people closest to us, rendering us, as the sociologist Sherry Turkle puts it, “forever elsewhere””. This may be one of the most insightful observations of our technology use and how it impacts our real-world social connections. 

In his book ‘Lost Connections‘, Johann Hari talks about how our loss of social connections was already on the rise before smartphones became ubiquitous. Social media seemed to promise a re-connection with that lost community that gave us meaning and purpose but instead delivered only empty connections. 

I hear a lot of conversations around the most appropriate amount of screentime is appropriate for various ages of children, without considering the social and behavioural reasons why children seek to spend more time on their gadgets. we often forget that children learn through observation of others’ behaviour much more than what they are told to do. Social and group conformity is engrained in our ability to survive as humans. 

Before around 8-9 years old, children’s primary focus is on their role in the family. In this capacity, they observe and copy the behaviour of those older than them. Take the example of a young child pushing their doll/toy around in a pram. They are practising future adult behaviour. If they are observing their parents and older siblings staring at a shiny screen, it is not surprising that they interpret this behaviour as ‘how to adult’ and would desire to copy and mimic this behaviour in their own lives as soon as possible. Reducing the amount of time they have on the device may make it even more appealing and desirable. 

So, the question remains for me: how are we, as adults, demonstrating responsible gadget use to the younger generations? The adage ‘do as I say, not as I do’ seems hypocritical at best.

Without wishing to judge anyone, because we are all different – instead of lamenting the analogue youth, we may have enjoyed pre-Y2K, maybe we all need to carve out more in-person time to relive the values of that childhood with our children – with no digital devices insight.

Most advice around reducing the amount of time spent on digital tech involves increasing the number of activities and interests outside of the digital world.

So, my advice to parents would be summarised by a quote from point 8. of The Atlantic article, “If parents don’t replace screen time with real-world experiences involving friends and independent activity, then banning devices will feel like deprivation, not the opening up of a world of opportunities. The main reason why the phone-based childhood is so harmful is because it pushes aside everything else. Smartphones are experience blockers. Our ultimate goal should not be to remove screens entirely, nor should it be to return childhood to exactly the way it was in 1960. Rather, it should be to create a version of childhood and adolescence that keeps young people anchored in the real world while flourishing in the digital age”.

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